Elucidating the top of the mammary epithelial cell hierarchy is highly important for understanding its regeneration capabilities and identifying target cells for transformation. Aiming for enriched mammary epithelial stem cell population, CD200highCD200R1high epithelial cells were identified. These cells represent ~50% of the mammary repopulating units (MRUs, CD49fhigh CD24med ) and termed MRUCD200/CD200R1. Gene expression of these cells was compared to all other MRU cells, termed MRUnot CD200/CD200R1, as well as individual CD200+ population (MRU-CD200R1-) and CD200R1+ population (MRU-CD200-). Overall design: Gene expression from mammary epithelial cells carrying sorted by CD200, CD200R1 markers and MRU markers. Four populations were sequenced: MRU-positive CD200 positive and CD200R1 positive; MRU-positive and not CD200 positive CD200R1 positive; not MRU CD200 positive CD200R1 negative; not MRU CD200 negative CD200R1 positive. There are 5 replicates from 5 individual mice.
High Expression of CD200 and CD200R1 Distinguishes Stem and Progenitor Cell Populations within Mammary Repopulating Units.
Sex, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesIL-27 treated DCs were shown to be highly potent inhibitors of cis HIV-1, particularly of CCR5 tropic strains. Microarray studies of IL-27 treated DCs showed no up-regulation of Type I (IFN) gene expression. Neutralization of the Type-I IFN receptor had no impact on the HIV inhibition. Lastly, IL-27 mediated inhibition was shown to act post-viral entry and prior to completion of reverse transcription. These results show for the first time that IL-27 is a potent inhibitor of cis HIV-1 infection in DCs by a Type I IFN independent mechanism.
Interleukin-27 is a potent inhibitor of cis HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived dendritic cells via a type I interferon-independent pathway.
Treatment
View SamplesGene arrays were used to characterize the global transcriptional alterations in skin biopsy samples of EM lesions in comparison to controls. The transcriptional pattern in EM biopsies consisted of 254 differentially regulated genes (180 induced and 74 repressed) characterized by the induction of chemokines, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, antimicrobial peptides, monocytoid cell activation markers, and numerous genes annotated as interferon (IFN)-inducible. The IFN-inducible genes included 3 transcripts involved in tryptophan catabolism (IDO1, KMO, KYNU) that play a pivotal role in immune evasion by certain other microbial pathogens by driving the differentiation of regulatory T cells.
Transcriptome Assessment of Erythema Migrans Skin Lesions in Patients With Early Lyme Disease Reveals Predominant Interferon Signaling.
Specimen part
View SamplesNaturally occurring CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells) are currently intensively characterized because of their major importance in modulating host responses to tumors and infections, in preventing transplant rejection, and in inhibiting the development of autoimmunity and allergy. Originally, CD4+ T reg cells were identified exclusively by the constitutive expression of CD25, and many in vivo experiments have been performed using depleting antibodies directed against CD25. However, both the existence of CD25 T reg cells, especially within peripheral tissues, as well as the expression of CD25 on activated conventional T cells, which precludes discrimination between T reg cells and activated conventional T cells, limits the interpretation of data obtained by the use of anti-CD25 depleting antibodies. The most specific T reg cell marker currently known is the forkhead box transcription factor Foxp3, which has been shown to be expressed specifically in mouse CD4+ T reg cells and acts as a master switch in the regulation of their development and function. To address the question of the in vivo role of T reg cells in immunopathology, we have generated bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)transgenic mice termed depletion of regulatory T cell (DEREG) mice, which express a diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) enhanced GFP (eGFP) fusion protein under the control of the foxp3 locus, allowing both detection and inducible depletion of Foxp3+ T reg cells. The gene expression profile of both CD4+eGFP+FoxP3+ and CD4+eGFPnegFoxP3neg cells isolated from DEREG mice was here analyzed by micro array.
Immunostimulatory RNA blocks suppression by regulatory T cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe analysed the capacity of THP-1 cells (differentiated to macrophagoid cells) to recognize RNA sequences via pattern recognition receptors in vitro. Gene expression was analysed by RNA-Microarray. Cytokine production was analysed by ELISA assays.
Human TLR8 senses UR/URR motifs in bacterial and mitochondrial RNA.
Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesThe susceptibility of macrophages to HIV-1 infection is modulated during monocyte differentiation. IL-27 is an anti-HIV cytokine that also modulates monocyte activation. Here, we present new evidence that IL-27 promotes monocyte differentiation into macrophages that are non-permissive for HIV-1 infection.
IL-27 inhibits HIV-1 infection in human macrophages by down-regulating host factor SPTBN1 during monocyte to macrophage differentiation.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesPhenobarbital is a well studied xenobiotic compound. In this study, we describe the genomic responses in fruit flies and examine whether animals mutant for DHR96, an ortholog of xenobiotic nuclear receptors PXR and CAR, plays a role in mediating xenobiotic responses in Drosophila.
The DHR96 nuclear receptor regulates xenobiotic responses in Drosophila.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesDHR96 plays a role in regulating xenobiotic responses in Drosophila. Using a gain-of-function approach we test whether DHR96 is sufficient to affect detoxification genes in the absence of a xenobiotic insult.
The DHR96 nuclear receptor regulates xenobiotic responses in Drosophila.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesPurpose: The DBA/2J mouse is a model for secondary angle-closure glaucoma due to iris atrophy and pigment dispersion, which ultimately leads to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). We sought to correlate changes in retinal gene expression with glaucoma-like pathology by performing microarray analysis of retinal RNA from DBA/2J mice at 3 months before disease onset, and at 8 months, after IOP elevation. Methods: IOP was monitored monthly in DBA/2J animals by Tono-Pen and animals with normal (3 months) or elevated IOP (8 months) were identified. RNA was prepared from 3 individual retinas at each age, and the RNA was amplified and used to generate biotin-labeled probe for high density mouse Affymetrix arrays (U430.2). A subset of genes was selected for confirmation by quantitative RT-PCR using independent retina samples from DBA/2J animals at 3, 5 and 8 months of age, and compared to retinas from C57BL/6J control animals at 3 and 8 months. Results: There were changes in expression of 68 genes, with 32 genes increasing and 36 genes decreasing at 8 months versus 3 months. Upregulated genes were associated with immune response, glial activation, signaling and gene expression, while down-regulated genes included multiple crystallin genes. Significant changes in 9 upregulated genes and 2 downregulated genes were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, with some showing changes in expression by 5 months. Conclusions: DBA/2J retina shows evidence for glial activation and an immune-related response following IOP elevation, similar to what has been reported following acute elevation of IOP in other models.
Microarray analysis of retinal gene expression in the DBA/2J model of glaucoma.
Age
View SamplesWe used microarrays to understand the effect miR-155 has on osteoclast differentiation.
miRNA-based mechanism for the commitment of multipotent progenitors to a single cellular fate.
Cell line
View Samples