To identify mediators of obesity-linked reductions in PGC-1, we tested the effects of cellular nutrients in C2C12 myotubes. While overnight exposure to high insulin, glucose, glucosamine, or amino acids had no effect, saturated fatty acids (FA) potently reduced PGC-1a and b mRNA expression.
Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma coactivator-1 expression is reduced in obesity: potential pathogenic role of saturated fatty acids and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesStudy of single and double mutants of the two roX RNAs in D. melanogaster Overall design: Study of single and double mutants of the two roX RNAs in D. melanogaster
RNA-on-X 1 and 2 in Drosophila melanogaster fulfill separate functions in dosage compensation.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesConditional expression of dominant-negative HIF1a in zebrafish cardiomyocytes severely inhibits heart regeneration. To understand more about the mechanism, we performed microarray analysis of wildtype regenerating zebrafish and dnHIF1a regenerating zebrafish to determine which genes are regulated by hypoxia/HIF1a.
Hypoxia induces myocardial regeneration in zebrafish.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesHepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects 170 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of liver-related mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis1. Standard-of-care treatment is shifting from interferon-alpha (IFN)-based to IFN-free directly acting antiviral (DAA) regimens, which demonstrate improved efficacy and tolerability in clinical trials2,3. Virologic relapse after completion of DAA therapy is a common cause of treatment failure, although mechanisms are unclear2,3. We conducted a clinical trial using the DAA sofosbuvir with ribavirin (SOF/RBV)4, and report here detailed mRNA expression analysis of pre- and end-of-treatment (EOT) liver biopsies and blood samples. On-treatment viral clearance was accompanied by rapid down-regulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in liver and blood. Analysis of paired liver biopsies from patients who achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR) revealed that viral clearance was accompanied by decreased expression of ISGs, IFNG, and IFNLs, but increased expression of IFNA2. Patients who achieved SVR had higher expression of a hepatic type-I interferon gene signature in unpaired EOT liver biopsies than patients who later relapsed. Together, these results support a model whereby restoration of type-I intrahepatic interferon signaling at the EOT is associated with sustained hepatic HCV suppression and prevention of relapse upon withdrawal of SOF/RBV.
Endogenous intrahepatic IFNs and association with IFN-free HCV treatment outcome.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Time
View SamplesThe anti-HIV humoral immune response following acute infection is delayed and ineffective. HIV envelope protein gp120 binds to and signals through 47 on T cells. We show that gp120 also binds and signals through 47 on B cells, resulting in an abortive proliferative response. In primary B cells, gp120 signaling through 47 resulted in increased expression of TGF-1 and the B cell inhibitory receptor FcRL4. Co-culture of B cells with HIV-infected autologous CD4+ T cells also resulted in increased B cell FcRL4 expression. These findings indicate that, in addition to inducing chronic immune activation, viral proteins can contribute directly to HIV-associated B cell dysfunction, thus providing a mechanism whereby the virus subverts the early HIV-specific humoral immune response.
The HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 impairs B cell proliferation by inducing TGF-β1 production and FcRL4 expression.
Specimen part, Disease, Time
View SamplesThe cytokine IL-2 determines T cell fate by controlling T cell proliferation and differentiation, but the expression files of IL-2 regulated genes are not defined
Identification of expression patterns of IL-2-responsive genes in the murine T cell line CTLL-2.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Human pre-valvular endocardial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells recapitulate cardiac pathophysiological valvulogenesis.
Specimen part
View SamplesStem cell development requires selection of specific genetic programs to direct cellular fate. Using microarray technology, we profile expression trends at selected timepoints during stem cell differentiation to characterize these changes.
Genomic chart guiding embryonic stem cell cardiopoiesis.
Specimen part
View SamplesGene expression from primary neuronal, astrocytic, oligodendrocytic and microglial cultures, as well as from RNA mixtures thereof.
Population-specific expression analysis (PSEA) reveals molecular changes in diseased brain.
Specimen part
View SamplesIn the urinary tract, smooth muscle (SM) is present in the renal pelvis, the ureter, the bladder and the urethra and plays a crucial role in the functional and structural integrity of these organs. In Tshz3 mutant ureters the myogenic program is not activated in the proximal region due to the absence of expression of myocardin (Myocd), a key regulator of SM differentiation. We set out to characterize TSHZ3-dependent mechanisms that participate to the process of ureteric smooth muscle cells (SMC) differentiation.
The tiptop/teashirt genes regulate cell differentiation and renal physiology in Drosophila.
Specimen part
View Samples