Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gammaherpes virus that establishes a life-long latency in over 90% of the world's population. Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen 1, EBNA1, is the only viral protein consistently detected in all viral latency programs, as well as in all forms of EBV-associated malignancies. EBNA1 plays critical roles in the viral life cycle by fostering the replication and maintenance of the extrachromosomal viral genome as well as enhancing transcription from multiple viral promoters.
Identifying sites bound by Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) in the human genome: defining a position-weighted matrix to predict sites bound by EBNA1 in viral genomes.
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View SamplesWe have identified desmoglein 2 (DSG2) as the primary high-affinity receptor used by adenovirus (Ad) serotypes Ad3, Ad7, and Ad14. These serotypes represent important human pathogens causing respiratory tract infections. In epithelial cells, adenovirus binding to DSG2 triggers events reminiscent of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, leading to transient opening of intercellular junctions. This improves access to receptors, e.g. CD46 and Her2/neu, that are trapped in intercellular junctions. In addition to complete virions, dodecahedral particles (PtDd) formed by viral penton and fiber in excess during viral replication, can trigger DSG2-mediated opening of intercellular junctions as shown by studies with recombinant Ad3 PtDd. Our findings shed light on adenovirus biology and pathogenesis and have implications for cancer therapy.
Desmoglein 2 is a receptor for adenovirus serotypes 3, 7, 11 and 14.
Specimen part
View SamplesHeterozygous and homozygous Pax2 E11.5 embryos were collected and the intermediate mesoderm was dissected and dispersed into single cells.
Evidence for intermediate mesoderm and kidney progenitor cell specification by Pax2 and PTIP dependent mechanisms.
Specimen part
View SamplesLiver RNA was collected from three genotypes: WT controls, KCP knockout (KCP-KO) mutants, and KCP-Transgenic (KCP-Tg) overexpressing mice.
The kielin/chordin-like protein KCP attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.
Specimen part
View SamplesGlomerular RNA comparison between wild-type and podocyte specific deletion of the PTIP gene in 1 month old kidneys. The PTIP gene was deleted using a floxed allele and a Podocin-Cre driver strain.
Altering a histone H3K4 methylation pathway in glomerular podocytes promotes a chronic disease phenotype.
Specimen part
View SamplesGene expression profiles of peripheral blood samples from C57BL/6 mice exposed with ionizing radiation.
Biological pathway selection through Bayesian integrative modeling.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment, Time
View SamplesLesions of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) showed significant up-regulation of 506 genes and reduced expression of 51 genes.
Gene expression profiles in chronic idiopathic (spontaneous) urticaria.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesBacteria are extremely versatile organisms which rapidly adapt to changing environments. When Escherichia coli cells switch from planktonic growth to biofilm, flagellum formation is turned off, and the production of fimbriae and extracellular polysaccharides is switched on. Here we show that BolA protein is a new bacterial transcription factor which modulates the switch from planktonic to sessile lifestyle. BolA negatively modulates flagella biosynthesis and thus swimming capacity. Furthermore, BolA overexpression favors biofilm formation and involvesinvolving fimbriae-like adhesins and curli production. Our results unraveled for the first time that BolA is a protein with high affinity to DNA, involved in the regulation of several genes of E. coli at a genome-wide scale level. Moreover, this observation further demonstrated that the most significant targets of this protein involved a complex network of genes encoding proteins extremely necessary in biofilm development processes. Herein we propose that BolA is a motile/adhesive transcriptional switch, specifically involved in the transition between the planktonic and the attachment stage of biofilm formation process.
BolA is a transcriptional switch that turns off motility and turns on biofilm development.
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View SamplesBackground The RNA steady-state levels in the cell are a balance between synthesis and degradation rates. Although transcription is important, RNA processing and turnover are also key factors in the regulation of gene expression. In Escherichia coli there are three main exoribonucleases (RNase II, RNase R and PNPase) involved in RNA degradation. Although there are many studies about these exoribonucleases not much is known about their global effect in the transcriptome. Results In order to study the effects of the exoribonucleases on the transcriptome, we sequenced the total RNA (RNA-Seq) from wild-type cells and from mutants for each of the exoribonucleases (?rnb, ?rnr and ?pnp). We compared each of the mutant transcriptome with the wild-type to determine the global effects of the deletion of each exoribonucleases in exponential phase. We determined that the deletion of RNase II significantly affected 187 transcripts, while deletion of RNase R affects 202 transcripts and deletion of PNPase affected 226 transcripts. Surprisingly, many of the transcripts are actually down-regulated in the exoribonuclease mutants when compared to the wild-type control. The results obtained from the transcriptomic analysis pointed to the fact that these enzymes were changing the expression of genes related with flagellum assembly, motility and biofilm formation. The three exoribonucleases affected some stable RNAs, but PNPase was the main exoribonuclease affecting this class of RNAs. We confirmed by qPCR some fold-change values obtained from the RNA-Seq data, we also observed that all the exoribonuclease mutants were significantly less motile than the wild-type cells. Additionally, RNase II and RNase R mutants were shown to produce more biofilm than the wild-type control while the PNPase mutant did not form biofilms. Conclusions In this work we demonstrate how deep sequencing can be used to discover new and relevant functions of the exoribonucleases. We were able to obtain valuable information about the transcripts affected by each of the exoribonucleases and compare the roles of the three enzymes. Our results show that the three exoribonucleases affect cell motility and biofilm formation that are two very important factors for cell survival, especially for pathogenic cells. Overall design: RNA-Seq of E. coli K-12 MG1693 wild-type(wt) and three exoribonucleases mutants was done with Illumina Hi-Seq platform.
PNPase is involved in the coordination of mRNA degradation and expression in stationary phase cells of Escherichia coli.
Cell line, Subject
View SamplesTemporal expression profiling was utilized to define transcriptional regulatory pathways in vivo in a mouse muscle regeneration model. Potential downstream targets of MyoD were identified by temporal expression, promoter data base mining, and gel shift assays; Slug and calpain 6 were identified as novel MyoD targets. Slug, a member of the snail/slug family of zinc finger transcriptional repressors critical for mesoderm/ectoderm development, was further shown to be a downstream target by using promoter/reporter constructs and demonstration of defective muscle regeneration in Slug null mice.
Slug is a novel downstream target of MyoD. Temporal profiling in muscle regeneration.
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