Vaccine research today is focused on using safer, highly purified or recombinant antigens with poor immunogenicity, which has created a need for potent adjuvants. Rational design of effective and safe mucosal adjuvants for human use necessitates a thorough understanding of the mode of action of successful candidate adjuvants.
Unraveling molecular signatures of immunostimulatory adjuvants in the female genital tract through systems biology.
Sex, Treatment
View SamplesInsight into mechanisms controlling gene expression in the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) will improve our understanding of the processes regulating spermatogenesis and aid in treating problems associated with male infertility.
Spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal requires ETV5-mediated downstream activation of Brachyury in mice.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesExpression of GDNF-regulated genes was studied in cultures of self-renewing rat spermatogonial stem cells established from 8-10 day old rat pups maintained in a defined serum free medium. GDNF is the primary regulator of spermatogonial stem cell self renewal in the rat.
Identification of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-regulated genes important for spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal in the rat.
Specimen part
View SamplesMutations in PROP1 are the most common cause of hypopituitarism in humans; therefore, unraveling its mechanism of action is highly relevant from a therapeutic perspective. Our current understanding of the role of PROP1 in the pituitary gland is limited to the regulation of pituitary transcription factors Hesx1 and Pit1. To elucidate the comprehensive PROP1-dependent gene regulatory network, we conducted genome wide analysis of PROP1 DNA binding and effects on gene expression in mutant tissues, isolated stem cells and engineered cell lines. We determined that PROP1 is essential for maintaining proliferation of stem cells and stimulating them to undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition-like process necessary for cell migration and differentiation. Genomic profiling reveals that PROP1 binds to and represses claudin 23, characteristic of epithelial cells, and it activates EMT inducer genes: Zeb2, Notch2 and Gli2. Our findings identify PROP1 as a central transcriptional component of pituitary stem cell differentiation. Overall design: Pituitary Colony forming cells mRNA of 13-day old wild type (Prop1 +/+), Prop1 mutants (Prop1df/df), wild type (Pit1+/+) and Pit1 mutants (Pit1 dw/dw) mice were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicates.
PROP1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like process in pituitary stem cells.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesTumor necrosis factor-associated factors 2 and 3 (TRAF2 and TRAF3) were shown to function in a co-operative and non-redundant manner to suppress nuclear factor-B2 (NF-B2) activation, gene expression and survival in mature B cells. In the absence of this suppressive activity, B cells developed independently of the obligatory B cell survival factor, BAFF (B cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family). This constitutive, lineage-specific suppression of B cell survival by TRAF2 and TRAF3 determines the requirement for BAFF to sustain B cell development in vivo. We wished to investigate the effect on gene expression in B cells which lacked the negative regulators TRAF2 and TRAF3, and hence had hyperactive NF-kB2 signalling. As Baff-tg mice display a similar phenotype, and have a genetic modification which acts in the same pathway, yet further up, than TRAF2 and TRAF3, we wished to compare and contrast Baff-tg B cells with TRAF2 and TRAF3 deficient B cells. This analysis should identify genes that are important in B cell survival.
TRAF2 and TRAF3 signal adapters act cooperatively to control the maturation and survival signals delivered to B cells by the BAFF receptor.
Sex, Age
View SamplesSelf-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) provides the foundation for testis homeostasis, yet mechanisms that control their functions in mammals are poorly defined. We used microarray transcript profiling to identify specific genes whose expression are augmented in the SSC-enriched Thy1+ germ cell fraction of mouse pup testes. Comparisons of gene expression in the Thy1+ germ cell fraction to the Thy1-depeleted testis cell population identified 202 genes that are expressed 10-fold or higher in Thy1+ cells. This database provided a mining tool to investigate specific characteristics of SSCs and identify novel mechanisms that potentially influence their functions.
Colony stimulating factor 1 is an extrinsic stimulator of mouse spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe capacity of respiring cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to instantaneously switch to fast alcoholic fermentation upon a transfer to anaerobic sugar-excess conditions is a key characteristic of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in many of its industrial applications. This transition was studied by exposing aerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures grown at a low specific growth rate to two simultaneous perturbations: oxygen depletion and relief of glucose limitation. This shift towards fully fermentative conditions caused a massive transcriptional response, where one third of all genes within the genome were transcribed differentially. During the first 30 min, most of these changes were driven by relief from glucose limitation. An anaerobic induction response was only observed after the initial response to glucose excess. By comparing this study with public datasets representing dynamic and steady conditions, 14 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated genes were determined to be anaerobiosis specific and can therefore be use as signature transcripts for anaerobicity under dynamic as well as under steady state conditions
New insights into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation switch: dynamic transcriptional response to anaerobicity and glucose-excess.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesMicroRNAs (miRs) play a key role in the control of gene expression in a wide array of tissue systems where their functions include the regulation of self-renewal, cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, the functional importance of individual miRs in controlling spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) homeostasis has not been investigated. Using high-throughout sequencing, we profiled the expression of miRs in the Thy1+ testis cell population, which is highly enriched for SSCs, and the Thy1- cell population, composed primarily of testis somatic cells. In addition, we profiled the global expression of miRs in cultured germ cells, also enriched for SSCs. Our results demonstrate that miR-21, along with miR-34c, -182, -183, -146a, -465a-3p, -465b-3p, -465c-3p, and -465c-5p are preferentially expressed in the Thy1+ SSC-enriched population, as compared to Thy1- somatic cells, and we further observed that Thy1+ SSC-enriched testis cells and SSC-enriched cultured germ cells share remarkably similar miR expression profiles. Overall design: Spermatogonial Stem Cell enriched cell populations (freshly isolated and short-term cultured) and somatic cell populations were isolated from C57B/L6 mouse donors and subjected to small RNA isolation and sequencing.
MicroRNA-21 regulates the self-renewal of mouse spermatogonial stem cells.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesFull title: Prepubertal Human Spermatogonia and Mouse Gonocytes Share Conserved Gene Expression of Germline Stem Cell Regulatory Molecules
Prepubertal human spermatogonia and mouse gonocytes share conserved gene expression of germline stem cell regulatory molecules.
Age
View SamplesThe Saccharomyces cerevisiae SFP1 is required for proper regulation of ribosome biogenesis and cell size in response to nutrients. A mutant deleted for SFP1 shows specific traits among which a slow growth phenotype, which is particularly evident during growth on glucose. To assess the effects of nutrients on the activity of Sfp1 independent by growth rate related feedback we grew an sfp1 mutant and its isogenic reference strain in chemostat cultures, at the same specific growth rate, under glucose/ethanol-limitation. Our data show that Sfp1 is involved in the modulation of cell size and RiBi gene expression and that these two functions are differently influenced by nutrients.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae SFP1: at the crossroads of central metabolism and ribosome biogenesis.
No sample metadata fields
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