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GSE6015
Homo sapiens
15 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Array (hgu133a)
Description
The Polycomb group (PcG) proteins form chromatin-modifying complexes that are essential for embryonic development and stem cell renewal and are commonly deregulated in cancer. Here, we identify their target genes using genome-wide location analysis in human embryonic fibroblasts. We find that Polycomb-Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), PRC2, and tri-methylated histone H3K27 co-occupy >1000 silenced genes with a strong functional bias for embryonic development and cell fate decisions. We functionally identify 40 genes derepressed in human embryonic fibroblasts depleted of the PRC2 components (EZH2, EED, SUZ12) and the PRC1 component, BMI-1. Interestingly, several markers of osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chrondrogenesis are among these genes, consistent with the mesenchymal origin of fibroblasts. Using a neuronal model of differentiation, we delineate two different mechanisms for regulating PcG target genes. For genes activated during differentiation, PcGs are displaced. However, for genes repressed during differentiation, we paradoxically find that they are already bound by the PcGs in nondifferentiated cells despite being actively transcribed. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that PcGs are part of a preprogrammed memory system established during embryogenesis marking certain key genes for repressive signals during subsequent developmental and differentiation processes.
Publication Title
Genome-wide mapping of Polycomb target genes unravels their roles in cell fate transitions.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 4 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins form multiprotein complexes, called Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs). PRC2 contains the PcG proteins EZH2, SUZ12, and EED and represses transcription through methylation of lysine (K) 27 of histone H3 (H3). Suz12 is essential for PRC2 activity and its inactivation results in early lethality of mouse embryos.
Publication Title
The polycomb group protein Suz12 is required for embryonic stem cell differentiation.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 10 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Development of systems allowing the maintenance of native properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is a critical challenge for studying physiological functions of skeletal progenitors, as well as towards cellular therapy and regenerative medicine applications. Conventional stem cell culture in monolayer on plastic dishes (2D) is associated with progressive loss of functionality, likely due to the absence of a biomimetic microenvironment and the selection of adherent populations. Here we demonstrate that 2D MSC expansion can be entirely bypassed by culturing freshly isolated bone marrow cells within the pores of 3D scaffolds in a perfusion-based bioreactor system, followed by enzymatic digestion for cell retrieval. The 3D-perfusion system supported MSC growth while maintaining cells of the hematopoietic lineage, and thus generated a cellular environment mimicking some features of the bone marrow stroma. As compared to 2D-expansion, sorted CD45- cells derived from 3D-perfusion culture after the same time (3 weeks) or a similar extent of proliferation (7-8 doublings) maintained a 4.3-fold higher clonogenicity and exhibited a superior differentiation capacity towards all typical mesenchymal lineages, with similar immunomodulatory function in vitro. Transcriptomic analysis performed on MSC from 5 donors validated the robustness of the process and indicated a reduced inter-donor variability as well as a significant upregulation of multipotency-related gene clusters following 3D-perfusion as compared to 2D expansion. The described system offers a model to study how factors of a 3D engineered niche may regulate MSC function and, by streamlining conventional labor-intensive processes, is prone to automation and scalability within closed bioreactor systems.
Publication Title
Expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells from fresh bone marrow in a 3D scaffold-based system under direct perfusion.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Rattus norvegicus
- 9 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Rat Expression 230A Array (rae230a)
Description
We investigated morphometric structure and gene expression by microarray analysis in a small diameter artery, branch of the saphenous artery (a resistance artery), in representative models of renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-dependent and glucocorticoid hypertension, using the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced hypertensive rat, respectively.
Publication Title
Vascular microarray profiling in two models of hypertension identifies caveolin-1, Rgs2 and Rgs5 as antihypertensive targets.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 50 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Age-related frailty may in part be due to a decreased competency in skeletal muscle regeneration. The role of the closely related TGFbeta amily molecules myostatin and GDF11 in regeneration is unclear. The commercially available antibody which in a prior report was used to demonstrate an age-related decrease in GDF11 was found to detect both GDF11 and myostatin, and with this reagent it appears that the combination of GDF11 and myostatin increases with age in serum. Mechanistically, GDF11 and myostatin induce SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, and both inhibit myoblast differentiation and regulate identical downstream signaling. GDF11 injected into adult mice in a model of regeneration induces an increase in smaller fibers and a decrease in satellite cell expansion. There are no signs of benefit from GDF11 to regeneration. Thus, GDF11 appears to be an age-associated myokine that inhibits muscle differentiation, and is thus a target for blockade to treat frailty
Publication Title
GDF11 Increases with Age and Inhibits Skeletal Muscle Regeneration.
Sample Metadata Fields
Treatment, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) induces cytoprotective genes, but has also been linked to the regulation of hepatic energy metabolism. In order to assess the pharmacological potential of hepatic Nrf2 activation in metabolic disease, Nrf2 was activated over 8 weeks in mice on Western diet using two different siRNAs against kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), the inhibitory protein of Nrf2. Whole genome expression analysis followed by pathway analysis demonstrated that the suppression of Keap1 expression induced genes that are involved in anti-oxidative stress defense and biotransformation, pathways proving the activation of Nrf2 by the siRNAs against Keap1. The expression of neither fatty acid- nor carbohydrate-handling proteins was regulated by the suppression of Keap1. Metabolic profiling of the animals did also not show effects on plasma and hepatic lipids, energy expenditure or glucose tolerance by the activation of Nrf2. The data indicate that hepatic Nrf2 is not a major regulator of intermediary metabolism in mice.
Publication Title
Chronic Activation of Hepatic Nrf2 Has No Major Effect on Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism in Adult Mice.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Transcriptome profiling using RNA-seq of MV+, a mouse lens epithelium cell line expressing Pax6 and RAG renal adenocarcinoma cell line which does not express Pax6. Overall design: Total RNA was collected and a Illumina sequencing libraries prepared from three biological replicates of cultured MV+ and RAG cells.
Publication Title
Polymer Simulations of Heteromorphic Chromatin Predict the 3D Folding of Complex Genomic Loci.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus, Homo sapiens
- 32 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Promoter 1.0R Array (hsprompr), Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 Array (mouse430a2)
Description
We created a mouse model where conditional expression of physiologic levels of an Mll-AF4 fusion oncogene induces development of acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Immunophenotypic and gene expression analysis of the ALL cells demonstrated bone marrow replacement with B-precursor cells which express a gene expression profile that has significant overlap with profiles in human MLL-rearranged ALL.
Publication Title
H3K79 methylation profiles define murine and human MLL-AF4 leukemias.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 28 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 Array (mouse430a2), Affymetrix Human Promoter 1.0R Array (hsprompr)
Description
We created a mouse model where conditional expression of physiologic levels of an Mll-AF4 fusion oncogene induces development of acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Immunophenotypic and gene expression analysis of the ALL cells demonstrated bone marrow replacement with B-precursor cells which express a gene expression profile that has significant overlap with profiles in human MLL-rearranged ALL.
Publication Title
H3K79 methylation profiles define murine and human MLL-AF4 leukemias.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 4 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 Array (mouse430a2)
Description
We created a mouse model where conditional expression of physiologic levels of an Mll-AF4 fusion oncogene induces development of acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Immunophenotypic and gene expression analysis of the ALL cells demonstrated bone marrow replacement with B-precursor cells which express a gene expression profile that has significant overlap with profiles in human MLL-rearranged ALL.
Publication Title
H3K79 methylation profiles define murine and human MLL-AF4 leukemias.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples