Brain structure and function experience dramatic changes from embryonic to postnatal development. However, gene expression information during early brain development is limited. We have generated >27 million reads to identify mRNAs from the mouse cortex for >16,000 genes at either embryonic day 18 (E18) or postnatal day 7 (P7), a period of significant synaptogenesis for neural circuit formation. In addition, we devised strategies to detect alternative splice forms and previously unannotated transcriptionally active regions (TARs).
Transcriptome of embryonic and neonatal mouse cortex by high-throughput RNA sequencing.
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View SamplesThe human metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with mutations in COL10A1 gene that result in ER retention of misfolded alpha(X) collagen in hypertrophic chondrocytes (HCs). In a MCDS transgenic mouse model (13del), we have previously implicated HC response and adaptation to ER stress as the underlying molecular pathogenesis of the disease.
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Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesExperiments on primary cultures of native and regenerated endothelial cells demonstrated genomic changes in the latter related to vasomotor control, coagulation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and extracellular matrix. However, the genomic changes caused by the combination of either hyperlipidemia or supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids and endothelial regeneration are unknown.The present experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that endothelial regeneration process is affected differentially at the genomic level by the exposure to either high cholesterol or PUFA-rich diet in vivo.
Differential genomic changes caused by cholesterol- and PUFA-rich diets in regenerated porcine coronary endothelial cells.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesHuman disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 can lead to a rapidly progressive viral pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. There is increasing evidence suggests a role for virus-induced cytokine dysregulation in contributing to the pathogenesis of human H5N1 disease. The key target cells for the virus in the lung are the alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages, and previous data has shown that compared to seasonal human influenza viruses, equivalent infecting doses of H5N1 viruses markedly up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in both primary cell types in vitro. The dysregulation of H5N1-induced host responses is therefore important for understanding the viral pathogenesis.
Systems-level comparison of host-responses elicited by avian H5N1 and seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses in primary human macrophages.
Specimen part, Subject, Time
View SamplesDownregulation is a common feature of tumor suppressor gene (TSG), which can be caused by allele deletion, promoter hypermethylation, histone deacetylation and posttranscriptional silencing by microRNA. Therefore, comparison of expression profiles by cDNA microarray between tumor and non-tumor tissues and characterization of downregulated genes in tumor specimens is a useful strategy to identify TSGs.
RHCG Suppresses Tumorigenicity and Metastasis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling and MMP1 Expression.
Specimen part
View SamplesPandemic influenza H1N1 (pdmH1N1) virus causes mild disease in humans but occasionally leads to severe complications and even death, especially in those who are pregnant or have underlying disease. Cytokine responses induced by pdmH1N1 viruses in vitro are comparable to other seasonal influenza viruses, suggesting the cytokine dysregulation as seen in H5N1 infection is not a feature of the pdmH1N1 virus. However, a comprehensive gene expression profile of pdmH1N1 in relevant primary human cells in vitro has not been reported. Type I alveolar epithelial cells are a key target cell in pdmH1N1 pneumonia. We carried out a comprehensive gene expression profiling using the Affymetrix microarray platform to compare the transcriptomes of primary human alveolar type I-like alveolar epithelial cells infected with pdmH1N1 or seasonal H1N1 virus.
Systems-level comparison of host responses induced by pandemic and seasonal influenza A H1N1 viruses in primary human type I-like alveolar epithelial cells in vitro.
Specimen part, Subject, Time
View SamplesNitric oxide helps to prevent endothelial dysfunction and senescence. This study aimed to define genomic and proteomic changes in cultured porcine senescent endothelial cells and their resemblance with those observed in regenerated endothelial cells. Senescent endothelial cells were produced by passaging primary porcine coronary arterial endothelial cells until passage four. The protein presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cyclic GMP levels [basal and during stimulation (bradykinin and A23187)], were reduced. The mRNA expression level was measured by microarray assays. Genes related to oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase 3, glutathione S-transferase M1] were downregulated, extracellular matrix components (type III collagen, thrombospondin 1 and 3, transforming growth factor beta) upregulated and nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB)-signaling pathway [IkappaB, TNF receptor-associated factor 1 and 5 (TRAF1 and 5)] activated in senescent cells. The differential gene expression of MnSOD and TRAF5 was confirmed at the protein level by Western blotting and biochemical assay (MnSOD). The basal and stimulated (by tumor necrosis factor-alpha) levels of NFKB were augmented as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In summary, cultured senescent endothelial cells exhibit reduced nitric oxide production, and decreased antioxidative, proliferative capacities, augmented expression of extracellular matrix components and activation of NFKB. These molecular changes do not exactly mimick those occurring during endothelial regeneration in vivo.
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View SamplesshRNA knockdown of host gene for EV71 replication
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View SamplesA protocol was established for the derivation of Schwann cell-like cells from human BMSCs. The commitment to the Schwann cell fate was acquired by Schwann cell-like cells in co-culture with rat DRG neurons. Microarray analysis provided evidence that the human BMSC-derived Schwann cells were functionally mature.
Directed Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Fate-Committed Schwann Cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe human intervertebral disc (IVD) is a complex and dynamic structure that functions to provide spinal stability, mobility and flexibility. It comprises three main compartments: 1) a water-rich central compartment called the nucleus pulposus (NP), which is enveloped by 2) the annulus fibrosus (AF) and sandwiched between 3) two cartilaginous endplates (EP) from which the IVD gains its nutrition and provides a means to get rid of metabolic waste.
DIPPER, a spatiotemporal proteomics atlas of human intervertebral discs for exploring ageing and degeneration dynamics.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
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