Background: Although TNF inhibitors are used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, there is little information about how long-term inhibition of TNF affects the homeostatic functions that TNF maintains in the intact CNS. TNF is known to modulate neurogenesis by decreasing cell proliferation, increasing apoptosis of precursor cells, and impairing neuronal differentiation. TNF can also influence the formation of the hippocampus, with long-lasting effects on cognition. Materials and methods: To clarify whether developmental TNF deficiency causes alterations in the naïve CNS, we estimated the number of proliferating cells, microglia, and neurons in the brains of E13.5, P7, and adult TNF +/+ and TNF-/- mice and measured changes in gene and protein expression and monoamine levels in adult TNF+/+ and TNF-/- mice. To evaluate long-term effects of TNF inhibitors, we treated healthy adult C57BL/6 mice with either saline, selective soluble TNF inhibitor XPro1595, or nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept. We estimated changes in cell number and protein expression after two months of treatment. We assessed the effects of TNF deficiency on cognition by testing adult TNF+/+ and TNF-/- mice and anti-TNF treated mice with behavioral tasks.
TNF deficiency causes alterations in the spatial organization of neurogenic zones and alters the number of microglia and neurons in the cerebral cortex.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesHuman adipose stem cells (ASCs) have been shown, in pre-clinical studies, to have therapeutic applicability in diverse fields, but a standard expansion method for clinical applications remains yet to be established. Isolated ASCs are typically expanded in medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, sera and other animal-derived culture reagents stage numerous safety issues in clinical therapy, including possible infections and severe immune reactions. By expanding the ASCs in medium containing human serum (HS), the problem can be eliminated.
Differential gene expression in adipose stem cells cultured in allogeneic human serum versus fetal bovine serum.
Specimen part
View SamplesEffect of fumarase point mutation or knock-out on transcriptional profile in yeast to model hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC).
Modeling tumor predisposing FH mutations in yeast: effects on fumarase activity, growth phenotype and gene expression profile.
Sex, Subject
View SamplesThe aim of this study was to identify genes regulated by IL-12, IL-18 and IFN-alpha during early differentiation of human Th1 cells
Activating transcription factor 3 is a positive regulator of human IFNG gene expression.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe level of trypsin-2 has been shown to correlate with the malignancy and metastatic potential of many cancer.
Trypsin-2 enhances carcinoma invasion by processing tight junctions and activating ProMT1-MMP.
Specimen part, Cell line
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