To compare human memory CD4+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of healthy individuals at transcriptional level, we analyzed the global gene expression of ex vivo PB CD69- as well as BM CD69- and CD69+ memory CD4+ T cells from 4 paired PB and BM samples. The gene expression of these subsets was additionally compared to the transcriptional profile of 8 PB samples taken ex vivo or stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and Ionomycin for 3 hours.
Human memory T cells from the bone marrow are resting and maintain long-lasting systemic memory.
Specimen part
View SamplesOptic nerves are an accessible part of the CNS, providing a source of glia without the presence of neuronal cell bodies. Therefore, an analysis was carried out of gene expression in optic nerves at P4, before myelination begins and at P10, when myelination is very actively proceeding. The goal was to obtain a profile of the changing gene expression that accompanies this transition from unmyelinated CNS nerve to myelinated nerve.
Towards resolving the transcription factor network controlling myelin gene expression.
Specimen part
View SamplesNTHi bacteria or saline were inoculated into the middle ears of mice. Mice were sacrificed at various times to monitor the course of infection.
The transcriptome of a complete episode of acute otitis media.
Specimen part, Treatment, Time
View SamplesMost organisms have an endogenous circadian clock that is synchronized to environmental signals such as light and temperature. Although circadian rhythms have been described in the nematode C. elegans at the behavioral level, these rhythms appear to be relatively non-robust. Moreover, in contrast to other animal models, no circadian transcriptional rhythms have been identified. Thus, whether this simple nematode contains a bona fide circadian clock remains an open question.
Genome-wide analysis of light- and temperature-entrained circadian transcripts in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Specimen part, Time
View SamplesGene expression of P. aerruginosa changes after short-term exposure to ciprofloxacin at sub-inhibitory concentrations but the effect of long-term exposure which select for the most fitted subpopulations is not known.
The phenotypic evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations changes in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is highly effective in reversing obesity and associated diabetes. Recent observations in humans suggest a contributing role of increased circulating bile acids in mediating such effects. Here we use a diet-induced obesity mouse model and compared metabolic remission when bile flow was diverted through a gallbladder anastomosis to jejunum, ileum or duodenum (sham control). We found that only bile diversion to the ileum results in physiologic changes similar to RYGB including sustained improvements in weight, glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosis despite differential effects on hepatic gene expression. Circulating free fatty acids and triglycerides decrease while bile acids increase, particularly conjugated tauro-b-muricholic acid, an FXR antagonist. Activity of the hepatic FXR/FGF15 axis was reduced and associated with altered gut microbiota. Thus bile diversion, independent of surgical rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract, imparts significant weight loss accompanied by improved glucose and lipid homeostasis that are hallmarks of RYGB. Overall design: Total RNA from n = 5 DIO, n = 4 GB-IL, n = 5 RYGB mice livers was extracted of total RNA and submitted fro RNAseq
Bile diversion to the distal small intestine has comparable metabolic benefits to bariatric surgery.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression underlying the disease progression in the mutant mice compared to their control littermates.
Microarray expression analysis and identification of serum biomarkers for Niemann-Pick disease, type C1.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesWe used genome-wide expression analyses to study the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to stress throughout a 15-day wine fermentation. Forty percent of the yeast genome significantly changed expression levels to mediate long-term adaptation to an environment in which ethanol is both a stressor and a carbon source. Within this set, we identify a group of 223 genes, designated as the Fermentation Stress Response (FSR), that are dramatically and permanently induced; FSR genes exhibited changes ranging from four-to eighty-fold. The FSR is novel; 62% of the genes involved have not been implicated in global stress responses and 28% of the genes have no functional annotation. Genes involved in respiratory metabolism and gluconeogenesis were expressed during fermentation despite the presence of high concentrations of glucose. Ethanol, rather than nutrient depletion, was responsible for entry of yeast cells into stationary phase. Ethanol seems to regulate yeast metabolism through hitherto undiscovered regulatory networks during wine fermentation.
Dynamics of the yeast transcriptome during wine fermentation reveals a novel fermentation stress response.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesAlveolar macrophages orchestrate pulmonary innate immunity and are essential for early immune surveillance and clearance of microorganisms in the airways. Inflammatory signaling must be sufficiently robust to promote host defense but limited enough to prevent excessive tissue injury. Macrophages in the lungs utilize multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms of inflammatory gene expression to delicately balance the elaboration of immune mediators. RNA terminal uridyltransferases (TUTs), including the closely homologous family members Zcchc6 (TUT7) and Zcchc11 (TUT4), have been implicated in the post-transcriptional regulation of inflammation from studies conducted in vitro. In vivo, we observed that Zcchc6 is expressed in mouse and human primary macrophages. Zcchc6-deficient mice are viable and born in Mendelian ratios and do not exhibit an observable spontaneous phenotype under basal conditions. Following an intratracheal challenge with S. pneumoniae, Zcchc6 deficiency led to a modest but significant increase in the expression of select cytokines including IL-6, CXCL1, and CXCL5. These findings were recapitulated in vitro whereby Zcchc6-deficient macrophages exhibited similar increases in cytokine expression due to bacterial stimulation. Although loss of Zcchc6 also led to increased neutrophil emigration to the airways during pneumonia, these responses were not sufficient to impact host defense against infection.
The RNA uridyltransferase Zcchc6 is expressed in macrophages and impacts innate immune responses.
No sample metadata fields
View Samples7-dehydrocholesterol reductase catalyzes the reduction of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol. In Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, mutations in DHCR7 prevents this conversion. We have found iPS cells derived from SLOS patients exhibit accelerated differentiation under cholesterol poor conditions.
Modeling Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome with induced pluripotent stem cells reveals a causal role for Wnt/β-catenin defects in neuronal cholesterol synthesis phenotypes.
Specimen part, Cell line, Time
View Samples