Influenza A virus has a broad cellular tropism in the respiratory tract. Infected epithelial cells sense the infection and initiate an antiviral response. To define the antiviral response at the earliest stages of infection we used two different single cycle replication reporter viruses. These tools demonstrated heterogeneity in virus replication levels in vivo. Transcriptional profiling demonstrated tiers of interferon stimulated gene responses that were dependent on the magnitude of virus replication. Uninfected cells and cells with blunted replication expressed a distinct and potentially protective ISG signature. Finally, we used these single cycle reporter viruses to determine the antiviral landscape during virus spread, which unveiled disparate protection mediated by IFN. Together these results highlight the complexity of virus-host interactions within the infected lung and suggest that magnitude and round of replication tune the antiviral response. Overall design: Mice were infected with 10^5 pfu of the indicated virus. Lungs from infefected C57BL/6 were taken at 24 hours post infection. Single cell suspensions were sorted for live CD45-CD31- and the indicated virus-driven fluorophore. Cells were FACS sorted directly into cell lysis buffer for RNA extraction. cDNA libraries were prepared using the SMARTer Universal Low Input RNA Kit (Takara Bio). SAmples were then profiled by illumina sequencing
Distinct antiviral signatures revealed by the magnitude and round of influenza virus replication in vivo.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samples-myosin heavy chain promoter controlled MerCreMer expression enables conditional, cardiomyocyte specific and tamoxifen dependent gene inactivation of floxed genes. Administration of tamoxifen has been linked to development of acute and transient cardiomyopathy. The mechanism for this is unknown.
Cre-loxP DNA recombination is possible with only minimal unspecific transcriptional changes and without cardiomyopathy in Tg(alphaMHC-MerCreMer) mice.
Sex, Specimen part, Time
View SamplesThe aim of the present study was to examine potential differences in the regulation of myocardial ECM constituents, in mice that develop hypertrophy only (ABnonHF) and in mice that develop overt heart failure (ABHF) as response to pressure overload.
Differential regulation of extracellular matrix constituents in myocardial remodeling with and without heart failure following pressure overload.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesChemokines have been suggested to play a role during development of left ventricular failure, but little is known about their role during right ventricular (RV) remodeling and dysfunction. The first aim of this study was to identify chemokines which are regulated during RV pressure overload. We then hypothesized that these chemokines regulate SLRPs (small leucine-rich proteoglycans)
Chemokines regulate small leucine-rich proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of the pressure-overloaded right ventricle.
Sex, Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesThe heart adapts to increased workload through hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. Although beneficial when induced physiologically by exercise, pathological cues including hypertension cause reexpression of fetal genes and dysfunctional hypertrophy, with lasting consequences for cardiac health. We hypothesised that these differences are driven by changes in chromatin-encoded cellular memory. We generated genome-wide maps of transcription and of two stable epigenetic marks, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3, specifically in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes, by selectively flow-sorting their nuclei. This demonstrated a pervasive loss of euchromatic H3K9me2 specifically upon pathological but not physiological hypertrophy, derepressing genes associated with pathological hypertrophy. Levels of the H3K9 methyltransferases, G9a and GLP, were correspondingly reduced. Importantly, pharmacological or genetic inactivation of these enzymes was sufficient to induce pathological hypertrophy and the dedifferentiation associated with it. These findings suggest novel therapeutic opportunities by defining an epigenetic state of cardiomyocytes, acquired during maturation, which is required for maintaining cardiac health. Overall design: Examination of 2 different histone modifications and RNA expression in cardiomyocyte nuclei flow-sorted from hypertrophic rat hearts
The H3K9 dimethyltransferases EHMT1/2 protect against pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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View SamplesInflammatory mechanisms have been suggested to play a role in the development of heart failure (HF), but a role for chemokines is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of the chemokine CXCL13 and its receptor CXCR5 in cardiac pathophysiology leading to HF
Lack of chemokine signaling through CXCR5 causes increased mortality, ventricular dilatation and deranged matrix during cardiac pressure overload.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesWe use single-cell RNA-seq to determine distinct selection phenotypes of 2 rare thymic Treg cell progenitors as well as mature thymic Treg cells Overall design: A single cell suspension was generated from murine thymus then magnetically depleted for CD8/Ter119 before sorting CD25+Foxp3-, CD25-Foxp3lo and CD25+Foxp3+ cells from CD4+CD73- thymocytes on a BD Aria II. The 10x Genomic platform…
Thymic regulatory T cells arise via two distinct developmental programs.
Age, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesMyocardial infarction (MI) triggers a reparative response involving fibroblast proliferation and differentiation driving extracellular matrix modulation necessary to form a stabilizing scar. Recently, it was shown that a genetic variant of the base excision repair enzyme endonuclease VIII-like 3 (NEIL3) was associated with increased risk of MI in humans. Here, we report elevated myocardial NEIL3 expression in heart failure patients and marked myocardial upregulation of Neil3 following MI in mice, especially in a fibroblast-enriched cell fraction. Neil3-/- mice showed increased mortality after MI compared to WT, caused by myocardial rupture. Neil3-/- hearts displayed enrichment of mutations in genes involved in mitogenesis of fibroblasts and transcriptome analysis revealed dysregulated fibrosis. Correspondingly, proliferation of vimentin+ and aSMA+ (myo)fibroblasts was increased in Neil3-/- hearts following MI. We propose that NEIL3 operates in genomic regions crucial for regulation of cardiac fibroblast proliferation and thereby controls extracellular matrix modulation after MI. Overall design: RNA from infarcted and non-infarcted LV of WT and Neil3-/- C57BL/6 mice obtained three days after induced myocardial infarction were subjected to RNA sequencing using Illumina Hiseq 2000
NEIL3-Dependent Regulation of Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation Prevents Myocardial Rupture.
Age, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesCellular dormancy and heterogeneous cell cycle lengths provide important explanations for treatment failure following adjuvant therapy with S-phase cytotoxics in colorectal cancer (CRC) yet the molecular control of the dormant versus cycling state remains unknown. In CRCs dormant cells are found to be highly clonogenic and resistant to chemotherapies. We sought to understand the molecular features of dormant CRC cells to facilitate rationale identification of compounds to target both dormant and cycling tumour cells. Overall design: Six colorectal cancer cell lines (DLD1, HCT15, HT55, SW948, RKO and SW48) were labelled with the cell permeable dye CFSE and then grown in non-adherent spheroid culture for 6 days to enable identification of dormant cells that retain CFSE (LRC) and cycling cells (BULK). LRCs and BULK populations were then FACS sorted from each cell line in quadruplicate. As a control experiment, to identify off-target effects of the CFSE dye and culture artefacts, BULK populations from DLD1 cells at d1 and d6 after seeding both with and without CFSE labelling were included in the RNAseq analysis. RNA was extracted using the RNAeasy Micro Plus kit (Qiagen) and quantified using the Qubit RNA Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). RNA quality was assessed using the Agilent Bioanalyser system as per manufacturer's instructions. Following normalisation and sample randomisation, Truseq library (Illumina) preparation was carried out at the CRUK CI genomics facility and subsequent single end, 50bp sequencing using the HiSeq system (Illumina). Following human genome alignment (hg19), read counts were normalised and differential expression tested using the DEseq protocol.
Itraconazole targets cell cycle heterogeneity in colorectal cancer.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesTwo cell lines (HT55 and SW948) were found responsive to itraconazole treatment. To identify the mode of action cells were treated with itraconazole or control (DMSO) and then subjected to RNAseq analysis once the phenotype had developed Overall design: HT55 and SW948 cells were seeded in adherent culture and treated with 5uM itraconazole or DMSO for 6 days. Cells then underwent RNA extraction using the RNAeasy Micro Plus kit (Qiagen) and quantified using the Qubit RNA Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). RNA quality was assessed using the Agilent Bioanalyser system as per manufacturer's instructions. Following normalisation and sample randomisation, Truseq library (Illumina) preparation was carried out at the CRUK CI genomics facility and subsequent single end, 50bp sequencing using the HiSeq system (Illumina). Following human genome alignment (hg19), read counts were normalised and differential expression tested using the DEseq protocol.
Itraconazole targets cell cycle heterogeneity in colorectal cancer.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Subject
View Samples