Technologies allowing for specific regulation of endogenous genes are valuable for the study of gene functions and have great potential in therapeutics. We created the CRISPR-on system, a two-component transcriptional activator consisting of a nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9) protein fused with a transcriptional activation domain and single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) with complementary sequence to gene promoters. We demonstrate that CRISPR-on can efficiently activate exogenous reporter genes in both human and mouse cells in a tunable manner. In addition, we show that robust reporter gene activation in vivo can be achieved by injecting the system components into mouse zygotes. Furthermore we show that CRISPR-on can activate the endogenous IL1RN, SOX2, and OCT4 genes. The most efficient gene activation was achieved by clusters of 3 to 4 sgRNAs binding to the proximal promoters suggesting their synergistic action in gene induction. Significantly, when sgRNAs targeting multiple genes were simultaneously introduced into cells, robust multiplexed endogenous gene activation was achieved. Genome-wide expression profiling demonstrated high specificity of the system.
Multiplexed activation of endogenous genes by CRISPR-on, an RNA-guided transcriptional activator system.
Cell line
View SamplesWe used microarrays to identify the gene expression changes after SET knockdown in ESCs and 4 day RA differentiated ESCs
Alternative SET/TAFI Promoters Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation.
Specimen part
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Epigenome-wide DNA methylation landscape of melanoma progression to brain metastasis reveals aberrations on homeobox D cluster associated with prognosis.
Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesMelanoma is one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant cancers. It represents the most life-threatening neoplasm of the skin, and its incidence has been increasing for the last three decades. Melanoma evolves from the local transformation of melanocytes to primary tumors, which can metastasize to multiple organs. Brain metastases represent one of the most significant causes of death in cutaneous melanoma patients. Despite aggressive multi-modality threapy, patients with melanoma brain metastasis have a median survival of less than a year, with a majority of these patients dying as a result of their intracranial disease. To identify alterations in gene expression related to brain metastasis, we used Affymetrix expression arrays to assess differentially expressed genes in melanocytes, lymph node metastases, and brain metastases.
Epigenome-wide DNA methylation landscape of melanoma progression to brain metastasis reveals aberrations on homeobox D cluster associated with prognosis.
Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesWe conditionally inactivated mouse Cdx2, a dominant regulator of intestinal development, and mapped its genome occupancy in adult intestinal villi. Although homeotic transformation, observed in Cdx2-null embryos, was absent in mutant adults, gene expression and cell morphology were vitally compromised. Lethality was accelerated in mice lacking both Cdx2 and its homolog Cdx1, with exaggeration of defects in crypt cell replication and enterocyte differentiation. Cdx2 occupancy correlated with hundreds of transcripts that fell but not with equal numbers that rose with Cdx loss, indicating a predominantly activating role at intestinal cis-regulatory regions. Integrated consideration of a mutant phenotype and cistrome hence reveals the continued and distinct requirement in adults of a master developmental regulator that activates tissue-specific genes.
Essential and redundant functions of caudal family proteins in activating adult intestinal genes.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Intestinal master transcription factor CDX2 controls chromatin access for partner transcription factor binding.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe established whether partner transcription factor binding, chromatin structure, or gene expression is compromised upon loss of partner factors cdx2 or hnf4a in mouse intestinal villi
Intestinal master transcription factor CDX2 controls chromatin access for partner transcription factor binding.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Gene expression signature for biliary atresia and a role for interleukin-8 in pathogenesis of experimental disease.
Specimen part, Time
View SamplesLiver biopsy samples were obtained from 64 infants with biliary atresia at the time of intraoperative cholangiogram. Liver biopsy samples were obtained from 14 age-matched infants with other causes of intrahepatic cholestasis, and from 7 deceased-donor children. GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (Affymetrix, CA) were used to screen mRNAs whose expression was specifically regulated in the livers from patients with biliary atresia.
Gene expression signature for biliary atresia and a role for interleukin-8 in pathogenesis of experimental disease.
Specimen part
View SamplesNewborn Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1.5x10^6 fluorescent-forming units (ffu) of type- A Rhesus Rotavirus (RRV) or 0.9% normal saline (NS; control) within 24 hours of birth to induce experimental model of biliary atresia. Extrahepatic bile ducts including gallbladder were microdissected en bloc at 3, 7 and 14 days after RRV or saline injections. GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array (Affymetrix, CA) were used to screen mRNAs whose expression was differently regulated after RRV challenge compared to normal saline controls.
Gene expression signature for biliary atresia and a role for interleukin-8 in pathogenesis of experimental disease.
Specimen part, Time
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