Purpose: The goals of this study were to identify quantitative gene expression differences between wild type, Musashi1 null, Msuashi2 null and Musashi1/Musashi2 null MIAPaCa2 pancreatic cancer cells Overall design: mRNA profiles of MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina HiSeq2500.
Image-based detection and targeting of therapy resistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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View SamplesPancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) is a premalignant lesion that can progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, a highly lethal malignancy marked by its late stage at clinical presentationand profound drug resistance. Here we developed novel fluorescent reporter mice that show that the stem cell determinant, Musashi (Msi) is a critical element of pancreatic cancer progression.
Image-based detection and targeting of therapy resistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesX-chromosome aneuploidies have long been associated with human cancers, but causality has not been established. In mammals, X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is triggered by Xist RNA to equalize gene expression between the sexes. Here we delete Xist in the blood compartment of mice and demonstrate that mutant females develop a highly aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasm and myelodysplastic syndrome (mixed MPN/MDS) with 100% penetrance. Significant disease components include primary myelofibrosis, leukemia, histiocytic sarcoma, and vasculitis. Xist-deficient hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) show aberrant maturation and age-dependent loss. Reconstitution experiments indicate that MPN/MDS and myelofibrosis are of hematopoietic rather than stromal origin. We propose that Xist loss results in X-reactivation and consequent genome-wide changes that lead to cancer, thereby causally linking the X-chromosome to cancer in mice. Thus, Xist RNA is not only required to maintain XCI but also suppresses cancer in vivo.
Xist RNA is a potent suppressor of hematologic cancer in mice.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesTranscriptional profiling of mouse mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPC) comparing control Ptpn11+/+ MSPC with Ptpn11E76K/+ MSPC. By obtaining 20 million reads of sequence from two pair, we confirmed our cytokine/chemokine array data and quantitative ELISA data from both mouse and patient-derived specimens. CCL3, CCL12, CCL4, and CXCL12 (SDF-1) were aberrantly produced by Ptpn11 mutated MSPCs Overall design: Examination of mouse Ptpn11E76K/+ mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPC) transcriptional profiling compared to control Ptpn11+/+ MSPC, freshly isolated from Ptpn11E76K/+/Nestin and Ptpn11+/+/Nestin mice. Two replicate per array.
Leukaemogenic effects of Ptpn11 activating mutations in the stem cell microenvironment.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesMonocytes are derived from hematopoietic stem cells through a series of intermediate progenitor stages, but the factors that regulate this process are incompletely defined. Using a Ccr2/Cx3cr1 dual-reporter system to model murine monocyte ontogeny, we conducted a small molecule screen that identified an essential role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the development of monocytes and other myeloid cells. Overall design: Examination of gene expression in 1) Granulocyte-Monocyte Progenitors from Raptor KO mice, Tsc2 KO mice and controls; and 2) DR-ER-Hoxb8 cells differentiated in the presence of DMSO, rapamycin or SL0101-01
The metabolic regulator mTORC1 controls terminal myeloid differentiation.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesWe performed gene expression microarray comparing Osx-mCherry cells and Ocn-Topaz cells isolated from the OsxCre-mCherry;OcnCre-Topaz double transgenic mice by flow cytometry.
Specific bone cells produce DLL4 to generate thymus-seeding progenitors from bone marrow.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe investigated the role of mTORC1 in murine hematopoiesis by conditionally deleting the Raptor gene in murine hematopoietic stem cells. We observed mutliple alterations evoked by Raptor loss in hematopoiesis and profiled gene-expression alterations induced by raptor loss in Flt3-Lin-Sca1+cKit+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor enriched cell populations, 5 weeks post Raptor deletion.
mTOR complex 1 plays critical roles in hematopoiesis and Pten-loss-evoked leukemogenesis.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe ADAR RNA editing enzymes deaminate adenosine bases to inosines in cellular RNAs, recoding open reading frames. Human ADAR1 mutations cause Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome (AGS) and Adar1 mutant mice showing an aberrant interferon response and death by embryonic day E12.5 model the human disease. Searches have not identified key ADAR1 RNA editing sites recoding immune/haematopoietic proteins but editing is widespread in Alu sequences. We show that Adar1 embryonic lethality is rescued in Adar1; Mavs double mutant mice in which general antiviral responses to cytoplasmic dsRNA are prevented. We propose that inosine bases are epigenetic marks identifying cellular RNA as innate immune ÒselfÓ. Consistent with this idea we show that an editing-active cytoplasmic ADAR is required to prevent aberrant immune responses in Adar1 mutant mouse embryo fibroblasts. No dramatic increase in repetitive transcripts is observed. AGS mutations in ADAR1 affect editing by the interferon-inducible cytoplasmic ADAR1 isoform. Overall design: RNA-seq expression profiling in Adar1 and Adar1/Mavs knockout mice embryos.
The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 controls innate immune responses to RNA.
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View SamplesMutation or epigenetic silencing of the transcription factor C/EBP is observed in ~10% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In both cases, a common global gene expression profile is observed, but down-stream targets relevant for leukemogenesis are not known. Here we identify Sox4 as a direct target of C/EBP whereby its expression is inversely correlated with C/EBP activity. Downregulation of Sox4 abrogated increased self-renewal of leukemic cells and restored their differentiation. Gene expression profiles of leukemia initiating cells (LICs) from both Sox4 overexpression and murine mutant C/EBP AML models clustered together, but differed from other types of AML. Our data demonstrate that Sox4 overexpression resulting from C/EBP inactivation contributes to the development of leukemias with a distinct LIC phenotype.
Sox4 is a key oncogenic target in C/EBPα mutant acute myeloid leukemia.
Specimen part
View SamplesPRC, a member of the PGC-1 coactivator family, is responsive to serum growth factors and up regulated in proliferating cells. Here, we investigated its in vivo role by stably silencing PRC expression with two different short hairpin RNAs (shRNA#1 and shRNA#4) that were lentivirally introduced into U2OS cells. ShRNA#1 transductants exhibited nearly complete knockdown of PRC protein whereas shRNA#4 transductants expressed PRC protein at approximately 15 percent of the control level. Complete PRC silencing by shRNA#1 resulted in a severe inhibition of respiratory growth, reduced expression of respiratory protein subunits from complexes I, II, III and IV, markedly lower complex I and IV respiratory enzyme levels and diminished mitochondrial ATP production. Surprisingly, shRNA#1 transductants exhibited a striking proliferation of abnormal mitochondria that were devoid of organized cristae and displayed severe membrane abnormalities. Although shRNA#4 transductants had normal respiratory subunit expression and a moderately diminished respiratory growth rate, both transductants showed markedly reduced growth on glucose accompanied by inhibition of G1/S cell cycle progression. Microarray analysis revealed striking overlaps in the genes affected by PRC silencing in the two transductants and the functional identities of these overlapping genes were consistent with the observed mitochondrial and cell growth phenotypes. The consistency between phenotype and PRC expression levels in the two independent transductant lines argues that the defects result from PRC silencing and not from off target effects. These results support a role for PRC in the integration of pathways directing mitochondrial respiratory function and cell growth.
Short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of PRC (PGC-1-related coactivator) results in a severe respiratory chain deficiency associated with the proliferation of aberrant mitochondria.
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