Copy number variation (CNV) of DNA segments has recently been identified as a major source of genetic diversity, but a more comprehensive understanding of the extent and phenotypic effect of this type of variation is only beginning to emerge. In this study we generated genome-wide expression data from 6 mouse tissues to investigate how CNVs influence gene expression.
Segmental copy number variation shapes tissue transcriptomes.
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Double-stranded microRNA mimics can induce length- and passenger strand-dependent effects in a cell type-specific manner.
Cell line
View SamplesExperiment 1 - miR-155 and miR-199 Phenotype
Double-stranded microRNA mimics can induce length- and passenger strand-dependent effects in a cell type-specific manner.
Cell line
View SamplesExperiment 2 - MiRNA mimics have a length and passenger strand specific effect
Double-stranded microRNA mimics can induce length- and passenger strand-dependent effects in a cell type-specific manner.
Cell line
View SamplesA simultaneous engagement of different pathogen recognition receptors provides a tailor made adaptive immunity for an efficient defence against distinct pathogens. For example, cross talk of TLR and c-type lectin signalling effectively shapes distinct gene expression patterns by integrating the signals at the level of NF-B. Here, we extend this principle to a strong synergism between the Dectin-1 agonist, curdlan, and an inflammatory growth factor, GM-CSF. Both together act in synergy in inducing a strong inflammatory signature which converts immature DCs to potent effector DCs. A variety of cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, IL-2 and IL-12p70), costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40 and CD70), chemokines (CxCl1, CxCl2, CxCl3, CCl12, CCl17) as well as receptors and molecules involved in fugal recognition and immunity such as Mincle, Dectin-1, Dectin-2 and Pentraxin 3 are strongly up-regulated in DC treated simultaneously with curdlan and GM-CSF. The synergistic effect of both stimuli resulted in strong IKB phosphorylation, in its rapid degradation and in enhanced nuclear translocation of all NF-B subunits. We further identified MAPK ERK, as one possible integration site of both signals, since its phosphorylation was clearly augmented when curdlan was co-applied with GM-CSF. Our data demonstrate that the immunomodulatory activity of curdlan requires an additional signal provided by GM-CSF to successfully initiate a robust -glucan specific cytokine and chemokine response. The integration of both signals clearly prime and tailor a more effective innate and adaptive response against invading microbes and fungi.
Synergism between curdlan and GM-CSF confers a strong inflammatory signature to dendritic cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesCharacterization of colon CD11chigh/MHCII+ myeloid cell subsets
Intestinal CD103(+)CD11b(-) dendritic cells restrain colitis via IFN-γ-induced anti-inflammatory response in epithelial cells.
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View SamplesBlood-stage malaria initiates both innate and adaptive immune responses, inclusive a strong activation of the mononuclear phagocyte network. Here we show that Plasmodium infection results in a transient loss of embryonically established tissue-resident macrophages in spleen, liver and lungs, much before the peak of parasitemia. During acute blood-stage malaria, fate mapping analysis revealed that inflammatory monocytes contribute to the repopulation of the emptied niches of splenic red pulp macrophages and hepatic Kupffer cells, while lung alveolar macrophages refill their niche mainly through self-renewal. Interestingly, the local microenvironment of spleen and liver can “imprint” the molecular characteristics of fetal-derived macrophages in new immigrants from bone marrow including almost identical gene expression profiles and turnover kinetics. Overall design: Mice were infected with parasitized P. yoelii erythrocytes. Organ samples were collected in triplicates from uninfected mice and from mice infected 35 days before and after parasite clearance.
Organ-Specific Fate, Recruitment, and Refilling Dynamics of Tissue-Resident Macrophages during Blood-Stage Malaria.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesMonocytes, neutrophils and tissue resident macropahges of colon lamina propia are compared to their intratumoral counterparts found in colon adenomas Overall design: Different myeloid subpopulations were isolated from healthy colon lamina propria and colon adenomas, sorted by flow cytometry and processed for RNA.
The tumour microenvironment creates a niche for the self-renewal of tumour-promoting macrophages in colon adenoma.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesThe histone deacetylase HDAC2, which negatively regulates neuronal plasticity and synaptic gene expression, is upregulated both in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and mouse models (Graff et al., 2012). Therapeutics targeting HDAC2 are speculated to be a promising avenue for ameliorating AD related cognitive impairment. However, attempts to generate HDAC2-specific inhibitors have not been successful. Here, we take a novel approach utilizing integrative genomics to identify proteins that mediate HDAC2 recruitment to synaptic plasticity genes. Functional screening revealed that knockdown of the transcription factor Sp3 phenocopied HDAC2 knockdown, and that Sp3 facilitated the recruitment of HDAC2 to synaptic genes. Importantly, like HDAC2, Sp3 expression was elevated in AD patients and mouse models, where Sp3 knockdown ameliorated synaptic dysfunction. Furthermore, exogenous expression of an HDAC2 fragment containing the Sp3 binding domain fully restored synaptic plasticity and memory in a mouse model with severe neurodegeneration. Our findings indicate that targeting the HDAC2-Sp3 complex could enhance synaptic and cognitive function, without affecting HDAC2 function in other processes. Overall design: We profiled gene expression levels in primary neurons treated with HDAC2 or Sp3 shRNAs through RNA-Seq to examine whether HDAC2 and Sp3 cooperatively regulate a set of genes.
The Transcription Factor Sp3 Cooperates with HDAC2 to Regulate Synaptic Function and Plasticity in Neurons.
Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
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Master regulators of FGFR2 signalling and breast cancer risk.
Specimen part, Cell line
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