Enriched tumor epithelium from 61 primary and metastasis tumor specimens was obtained by laser capture microdissection (LCM) as previously described (Boersma et al., 2007). In brief, frozen 8-m serial sections from OCT-preserved frozen tissues were prepared and mounted on plain, uncharged microscope slides. One Hematoxylin/eosin-stained section of each specimen was reviewed by a pathologist to confirm diagnosis and presence of tumor. The pathologist indicated which representative sections of the tumors should be microdissected. LCM was performed with the Pixcell II LCM system (Arcturus, Mountain View, CA). Total RNA was isolated using the PicoPure protocol (Arcturus, Mountain View, CA). The mRNA was amplified with two linear amplification steps by in vitro transcription using the MEGAscript T7 kit (Ambion, Austin, TX) followed by the labeling step using the BioArray HighYield RNA Transcript Labeling Kit T3 from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY). Labeled cRNA was hybridized onto Affymetix GeneChip HG-U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays.
Integrative genomic and transcriptomic characterization of matched primary and metastatic liver and colorectal carcinoma.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage
View SamplesWe used Affymetrix microarray profiling to analyze gene expression patterns in healthy donor liver as well as tumor and paired non-tumor tissue of HCC patients.
A unique metastasis gene signature enables prediction of tumor relapse in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Direct lineage conversion of adult mouse liver cells and B lymphocytes to neural stem cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe overexpression of transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc reprograms a somatic nucleus to one that is transcriptionally and epigenetically indistinguishable from an embryonic stem (ES) cell. However, it is still unclear if transcription factors can completely convert the nucleus of a differentiated cell into that of a distantly related cell type such that it maintains complete transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming in the absence of exogenous factor expression. To test this idea, we screened a library of doxycycline-inducible vectors encoding neural stem cell (NSC)-expressed genes and found that stable, self-maintaining NSC-like cells could be induced under defined growth conditions after transduction of transcription factors. These induced NSCs (iNSCs) were characterized in the absence of exogenous factor induction and were shown to be transcriptionally, epigenetically, and functionally similar to endogenous embryonic cortical NSCs. Importantly, iNSCs could be generated from multiple adult cell types including liver cells and B-cells with genetic rearrangements. Our results show that self-maintaining proliferative neural cells can be induced from non-ectodermal cells by expressing specific combinations of transcription factors.
Direct lineage conversion of adult mouse liver cells and B lymphocytes to neural stem cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Transcriptomic profiling reveals hepatic stem-like gene signatures and interplay of miR-200c and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage
View SamplesWe compared transcriptomic profiles of 23 ICC tumor specimens to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens using Affymetrix mRNA array and the miRNA array platforms to search for unique gene signatures linked to patient prognosis.
Transcriptomic profiling reveals hepatic stem-like gene signatures and interplay of miR-200c and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage
View SamplessiRNA-mediated inhibition compared to untreated cells and cells transfected with nonsense siRNA
Overexpression of far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein (FBP)-interacting repressor (FIR) supports growth of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Specimen part, Cell line
View SamplesMegakaryoblastic Leukemia 1 and 2 (MKL1 and 2) are coactivators of the transcription factor Serum Response Factor (SRF). We recently showed that depletion of MKL1 and 2 abolished HCC xenograft growth, associated with oncogene-induced senescence. To identify suitable MKL target genes mediating these effects, we performed microarray analyses using HuH7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells stably expressing shRNA against MKL1/2 (HuH7 MKL1/2 KD). We therefore used a Affymetrix oligonucleotide array and filtered for genes whose expression in HuH7 MKL1/2 KD cells was reduced by a factor of at least 2.5 as compared to control HuH7 cells.
The novel MKL target gene myoferlin modulates expansion and senescence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Specimen part
View SamplesCell polarity is crucial for the maintenance of epithelial cell function and its loss may have an im-portant role in the development and progression of cancer. We here show that overexpression and cytoplasmic enrichment of the baso-lateral polarity complex protein Scribble (Scrib) correlates with poor prognosis of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) patients. Expression of the cytoplasmic ScribP305L in hepatocellular cells induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and supports HCC cell invasion in comparison to cells expressing membrane-localized ScribWT. ScribP305L induces AKT signalling through destabilization of the phosphatases phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1). Moreover, cytoplasmic ScribP305L stimulates the expression of secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) de-pending on the AP1 constituents ATF2 and JunB, which drives HCC cell invasiveness. In vivo, combined hydrodynamic delivery of ScribP305L but not ScribWT and c-MYC initiates tumour for-mation in hepatocytes and cytoplasmic Scrib correlates with AKT phosphorylation, and AP1 ex-pression in human HCC tissues. Together, overexpression and mislocalization of Scrib represents an early event involved in the initiation and progression of liver cancer.
Cytoplasmic localization of the cell polarity factor scribble supports liver tumor formation and tumor cell invasiveness.
Cell line
View SamplesRetinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a progressive retinal degeneration in which the retina loses nearly all of its photoreceptor cells and undergoes major structural changes. Little is known regarding the role the resident glia, the Mller glia, play in the progression of the disease. Here we define gene expression changes in Mller glial cells (MGCs) from two different mouse models of RP, the retinal degeneration 1 (rd1) and rhodopsin knock-out (Rhod-ko) models. The RNA repertoire of 28 single MGCs was comprehensively profiled, and a comparison was made between MGC from wild type (WT) and mutant retinas. Two time points were chosen for analysis, one at the peak of rod photoreceptor death and one during the period of cone photoreceptor death. MGCs have been shown to respond to retinal degeneration by undergoing gliosis, a process marked by the upregulation of GFAP. In this data, many additional transcripts were found to change. These can be placed into functional clusters, such as retinal remodeling, stress response, and immune related response. It is noteworthy that a high degree of heterogeneity among the individual cells was observed, possibly due to their different spatial proximities to dying cells, and/or inherent heterogeneity among MGCs.
Gene expression changes within Müller glial cells in retinitis pigmentosa.
Specimen part
View Samples