Filters
Technology
Platform
GSE21061
Populus tremula x populus alba
6 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Poplar Genome Array (poplar)
Description
Trichomes are specialised epidermal cells that generally play a role in reducing transpiration and act as a deterrent to herbivory. In a screen of activation tagged Populus tremula x P. alba 717-1B4 trees, we identified a mutant line, fuzzy, with increased foliar trichome density. This mutant also had a 35% increase in growth rate and a 200% increase in the rate of photosynthesis as compared to wild-type poplar. The fuzzy mutant had significant resistance to feeding by larvae of the white spotted tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma), a generalist insect pest of poplar trees. The fuzzy phenotype is attributable to activation tagging and increased expression of the gene encoding PtaMYB186, which is related to Arabidopsis thaliana MYB106, a known regulator of trichome initiation. The fuzzy phenotype can be recapitulated by overexpressing PtaMYB186 in poplar. PtaMYB186 overexpression results in reconfiguration of the poplar transcriptome, with changes in the transcript abundance of suites of genes that are related to trichome differentiation. It is notable that this gene responsible for trichome development also altered traits related to growth rate and pest resistance, suggesting that non-intuitive facets of plant development might be useful targets for plant improvement.
Publication Title
Endogenous overexpression of Populus MYB186 increases trichome density, improves insect pest resistance, and impacts plant growth.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus, Homo sapiens
- 86 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST Array (hugene11st), Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Array (mogene20st), Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 (hta20)
Description
This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Publication Title
Assembly of a Parts List of the Human Mitotic Cell Cycle Machinery.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 23 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Array (mogene20st), Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST Array (hugene11st)
Description
Transcriptional programmes involved in the eukaryotic cell cycle are activated sequentially throughout the process. In particular, the set of genes required for S and G2-M phases are highly conserved and induced one after the other.
Publication Title
Assembly of a Parts List of the Human Mitotic Cell Cycle Machinery.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 Array (mouse430a2)
Description
The effects of constitutively active Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) and inactivated von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene product (pVHL) were examined in a mouse model. Conditionally expressed, constitutively active HIF-1a and HIF-2a were compared with inactivated pVHL.
Publication Title
Failure to prolyl hydroxylate hypoxia-inducible factor alpha phenocopies VHL inactivation in vivo.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Drosophila melanogaster
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Drosophila Gene 1.1 ST Array (drogene11st)
Description
Coupling immunity and development is essential to ensure survival despite changing internal conditions in the organism. The metamorphosis of the fruit fly represents a striking example of drastic and systemic physiological changes that need to be integrated with the innate immune system. However, the mechanisms that coordinate development and immune cell activity in the transition from larva to adult in Drosophila remain to elucidate. The steroid hormone ecdysone is known to act as a key coordinator of metamorphosis. This hormone activates a nuclear receptor, the Ecdysone Receptor (EcR), which acts as a heterodimer with its partner Ultraspiracle (USP). Together, they activate the transcription of primary response genes, which in turn activate the transcription of a battery of late response genes. We have revealed that regulation of macrophage-like cells (hemocytes) by the steroid hormone ecdysone is essential for an effective innate immune response over metamorphosis. We have shown that in response to ecdysone signalling, hemocytes rapidly up regulate actin dynamics, motility and phagocytosis of apoptotic corpses, and acquire the ability to chemotax to damaged epithelia. Most importantly, individuals lacking ecdysone-activated hemocytes are defective in bacterial phagocytosis and are fatally susceptible to infection by bacteria ingested at larval stages, despite the normal systemic production of antimicrobial peptides. This decrease in survival is comparable to the one observed in pupae lacking immune cells altogether, indicating that ecdysone-regulation is essential to hemocyte immune functions and survival after infection.
Publication Title
Steroid hormone signaling is essential to regulate innate immune cells and fight bacterial infection in Drosophila.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 4000
Description
Using our computational method SynGeNet to evaluate genomic and transcriptomic data characterizing four major genomic subtypes of melanoma, we selected the top ranked drug combination for BRAF-mutation melanoma for subsequent validaiton. Here we present drug-induced gene expression data from the BRAF-mutant A375 melanoma cell line in response to four treatment conditions: vehicle control (DMSO), vemurafenib alone, tretinoin (ATRA) alone and vemurafenib+tretinoin combination. Overall design: Gene expression profiles of A375 melanoma cells were generated by RNAseq (Illumina HiSeq 4000) under the following treatment conditions: vehicle control (DMSO), vemurafenib, tretinoin and vemurafenib + tretinoin combination.
Publication Title
Synergy from gene expression and network mining (SynGeNet) method predicts synergistic drug combinations for diverse melanoma genomic subtypes.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are plastic in nature, a characteristic that hampers cancer therapeutics. Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor of neural crest origin, and half of the cases are highly aggressive. By treating NB cell lines (SKNAS, SKNBE(2)C, CHP134, SY5Y) with epigenetic modifiers for a short time followed by sphere-forming culture conditions, we have established stem cell-like NB cells that are phenotypically stable for over a year. These cells are characterized by their high expression of stemness factors, stem cell markers, and open chromatin structure. We referred to these cells as induced CSC (iCSC). SKNAS iCSC and SKNBE(2)C iCSC clones (as few as 100 cells) injected subcutaneously into SCID/Beige mice formed tumors, and in one case, SKNBE(2)C iCSC metastasized to the adrenal gland, suggesting their increased metastatic potential. SKNAS iCSC xenografts showed the histologic appearance of totally undifferentiated large-cell NBs (LCNs), the most aggressive and deadly form of NB in humans. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that SKNAS iCSC xenografts expressed high levels of the stem cell marker CXCR4, while the SKNAS monolayer cell xenografts did not. The patterns of CXCR4 and MYC expression in SKNAS iCSC xenografts resembled those in the LCNs. The xenografts established from the NB iCSCs shared two common features: the LCN phenotype and high-level MYC/MYCN expression. These observations suggest that NB cells with large and vesicular nuclei, representing their open chromatin structure, are indicative of stem cell-like tumor cells, and that epigenetic changes may have contributed to the development of these most malignant NB cells.
Publication Title
Transient treatment with epigenetic modifiers yields stable neuroblastoma stem cells resembling aggressive large-cell neuroblastomas.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
The androgen receptor (AR) is the principal target for treatment of non-organ confined prostate cancer (PCa). Systems and bioinformatics approaches suggest that considerable variation exists in the mechanisms by which AR regulates expression of effector genes and point towards a role for secondary transcription factors (TFs) therein. We identified a novel indirect mechanism of androgen action in which effects of androgens on PCa cells are mediated by Serum Response Factor (SRF). To identify and characterize genes and cellular processes that are androgen-regulated in an SRF-dependent manner in PCa, Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip Array analysis was performed starting from RNA obtained from LNCaP cells in which androgen stimulation was combined with siRNA-mediated SRF silencing. To this end, LNCaP cells were seeded in 60 mm dishes at a density of 550,000 cells per dish in antibiotic-free medium. The next day, cells were transfected with siGenome SmartPool siRNA targeting SRF (Dharmacon, Lafayette, CO) or a custom-made control SmartPool targeting luciferase (LUC condition) using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) following the manufacturers instructions. Forty-two hours after transfection, cells were treated with 5nM R1881 or ethanol vehicle. 3 biological triplicates were included per treatment group. Forty-eight hours later, cells were harvested in Trizol reagent (Invitrogen). RNA was isolated, purified on RNeasy columns (Qiagen, Germantown, MD) and checked for integrity by Agilent testing (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). cDNA was generated and hybridized to Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays (Affymetrix) according to the manufacturers instructions at the Mayo Clinic Advanced Genomics Technology Microarray Shared Resource core facility.
Publication Title
Identification of a clinically relevant androgen-dependent gene signature in prostate cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 182 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 2.1 ST Array (hugene21st)
Description
The direct communication between our central nervous and inflammatory signalling systems is a well-recognised, yet poorly understood relationship. To increase our understanding of this relationship, we examined the metabolism of serotonin and its precursor tryptophan in macrophages under inflammatory settings. Both are involved in inflammatory signalling and known to play a major role in mood regulation. Tryptophan depletion by macrophages during inflammation can consequently result in a reduction of serotonin systemically and has been suggested to cause depression. Increased understanding of this system could help overcome the problem of treatment resistant depressed patients. To this end, we treated primary human monocyte derived macrophages with a range of anti-depressant/anti-inflammatory drugs and analysed their transcriptional profile under various inflammatory conditions. In addition to the classic endotoxic driver of inflammation, LPS, we also used IFN which is a constitutive cytokine shown to directly induce depression when administered in high doses. The anti-depressant drugs were not found to have any significant effects on macrophage inflammatory signalling. However, the anti-inflammatories drugs were found to alter components of the serotonin/tryptophan metabolism pathways. This study increases our understanding of the intricacies of immune/mood cross-talk and offers into developing anti-inflammatories as co-treatment for depression.
Publication Title
Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on the expression of tryptophan-metabolism genes by human macrophages.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 31 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Array (hgu133a)
Description
The majority of NK cells (~90%) are phenotypically characterized as CD56dimCD16+, while the remaining are CD56brightCD16-. The cytotoxic CD56dimCD16+ NK subset expresses higher levels of chemokine receptors, and therefore is preferentially recruited to sites of inflammation. Encounters between CD56dimCD16+ NK cells with target cells and locally secreted inflammatory cytokines synergize to induce activation of this subset, leading to dramatically increased cytotoxic activity against target cells and abundant pro-inflammatory cytokine production often equivalent to that of the CD56brightCD16- population. The early recruitment of activation of CD56dimCD16+ NK cells to sites of inflammation raises many important questions regarding the potential immune functions of these cells that extend beyond their cytotoxic capabilities. This study has sought to elucidate the genetic profile of activated CD56dimCD16+ NK cells via a series of laboratory-based approaches coupled with a bioinformatics persective.
Publication Title
Gene expression profiling of the human natural killer cell response to Fc receptor activation: unique enhancement in the presence of interleukin-12.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples