Specific vulnerability of neurons in the human entorhinal cortex has been associated with the onset of disease.
Differential gene expression analysis of human entorhinal cortex support a possible role of some extracellular matrix proteins in the onset of Alzheimer disease.
Specimen part
View SamplesIn this study, we describe the impact of genetic variation on transcript abundance in an F2 population of Arabidopsis thaliana. The RNA-seq resource generated by this study is suitable for expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping. From the aligned RNA-seq reads, and available genomic data for each of the parents of the cross, we imputed the genomes of each F2 individual (to allow genetic mapping of RNA abundance traits; briefly, genetic differences in aligned RNA-seq reads were used to impute each F2 genome). Our results show that heritable differences on gene expression can be detected using F2 populations (that is, single F2 plants), and shed light on the control of expression differences among strains of this reference plant. Overall design: 183 samples consisting of single F2 plants of a cross between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions 8230 and 6195 were generated. For each sample, RNA was collected from the aerial shoot at the 9th true leaf stage, and Illumina mRNA-seq libraries were constructed. Using these libraries, 50 bp single end RNA-seq Illumina reads were generated for each sample, and used to quantify gene expresison in each individual. The resulting expression phenotypes are suitable for genetic mapping of the control of gene expression differences in the species.
Epistatic and allelic interactions control expression of ribosomal RNA gene clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Extrinsic Phagocyte-Dependent STING Signaling Dictates the Immunogenicity of Dying Cells.
Specimen part, Cell line
View SamplesThe ability of dying cells to activate antigen presenting cells (APCs) is carefully controlled to avoid unwarranted inflammatory responses. Here we show that engulfed cells only containing cytosolic dsDNA species (viral or synthetic) or cyclic di-nucleotides (CDNs) are able to stimulate APCs, via extrinsic STING-signaling.
Extrinsic Phagocyte-Dependent STING Signaling Dictates the Immunogenicity of Dying Cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesTransfected double strand DNA were required for the efficient activation of STING to activate innate immune cytokine.
Extrinsic Phagocyte-Dependent STING Signaling Dictates the Immunogenicity of Dying Cells.
Cell line
View SamplesRegulation of RNA levels is critical for the response to external stimuli and determined through the interplay between RNA production, processing and degradation. Despite the centrality of these processes, most global studies of RNA regulation do not distinguish their separate contributions and relatively little is known about how they are temporally integrated. Here, we combine metabolic labeling of RNA with advanced RNA quantification assays and computational modeling to estimate RNA transcription and degradation during the response of immune dendritic cells (DCs) to pathogens, a critical and tightly regulated step in innate immunity. We find that transcription regulation plays a major role in shaping most temporal changes in RNA levels, but that changes in degradation rate are important for shaping sharp ‘peaked’ responses. We find that transcription changes precede corresponding RNA changes by a small lag (15-30 min), which is shorter for induced than for repressed genes. Massively parallel sequencing of the entire RNA population – including non-polyadenylated transcripts – allows us to estimate RNA processing, and identify specific groups of transcripts, mostly cytokines and transcription factors, undergoing enhanced mRNA maturation. This suggests an additional role for splicing in regulating mRNA maturation. Our method provides a new quantitative approach to study key steps in the integrative process of RNA regulation. Overall design: Sequencing of 4sU-labeled RNA taken from a 7 samples time-series (one sample every 1 hour) during the response of DCs to LPS stimulation. 4-thiouridine was added 45 minutes prior to sample collection. Data presented here for six timepoints: 0, 1, 3-6 hrs. 2hr timepoint not included.
Metabolic labeling of RNA uncovers principles of RNA production and degradation dynamics in mammalian cells.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe report the effect of DKK1 treatment during culture on the length and transcriptome of embryos on day 15 of development, supporting the notion that changes early in development affect later stages of development. Overall design: Bovine embryos were produced in vitro and exposed to either 0 or 100 ng/ml DKK1 from day 5 to 7 of culture. Embryos were transferred on day 7 and recovered on day 15 for evaluation of length and transciptome
Dickkopf-related protein 1 is a progestomedin acting on the bovine embryo during the morula-to-blastocyst transition to program trophoblast elongation.
Treatment, Subject
View SamplesProgrammed mutagenesis of the immunoglobulin locus of B-lymphocytes during class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation requires RNA polymerase II (RNA polII) transcription complex dependent targeting of the DNA mutator, Activation Induced cytidine Deaminase (AID). AID deaminates cytidine residues on substrate sequences in the immunoglobulin (Ig) locus via a transcription-dependent mechanism and this activity is stimulated by the RNA polII stalling co-factor Spt5 and the eleven-subunit cellular non-coding RNA 3’-5’ exonucleolytic processing complex, RNA exosome. The mechanism by which the RNA exosome recognizes immunoglobulin locus RNA substrates to stimulate AID DNA deamination activity on its in vivo substrate sequences is an important question. Here we report that E3-ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 destabilizes AID-associated RNA polII by a ubiquitination event leading to generation of 3’-end free RNA exosome RNA substrates at the Ig locus and other AID target sequences genome-wide. Using highthrough-out RNA sequencing technology, we find that lack of Nedd4 activity in B cells leads to accumulation of RNA exosome substrates at AID target genes. Moreover, we find that Nedd4-deficient B cells are inefficient in undergoing class switch recombination. Taken together, our study links non-coding RNA processing following RNA polymerase II pausing with regulation of the mutator AID protein. Our study also identifies Nedd4 as a regulator of non-coding RNA that are generated by stalled RNA polII genome-wide. Overall design: Splenic B cells from Nedd4+/+ and Nedd4-/- B cells fetal liver chimeric mice were were stimulated in culture for IgG1 CSR. Total RNA was isolated and evaluated with whole genome RNA-seq
E3-ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 determines the fate of AID-associated RNA polymerase II in B cells.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesProtein expression is regulated by production and degradation of mRNAs and proteins, but their specific relationships remain unknown. We combine measurements of protein production and degradation and mRNA dynamics to build a quantitative genomic model of the differential regulation of gene expression in LPS stimulated mouse dendritic cells. Changes in mRNA abundance play a dominant role in determining most dynamic fold changes in protein levels. Conversely, the preexisting proteome of proteins performing basic cellular functions is remodeled primarily through changes in protein production or degradation, accounting for over half of the absolute change in protein molecules in the cell. Thus, the proteome is regulated by transcriptional induction of novel cellular functions and remodeling of preexisting functions through the protein life cycle. Overall design: Mouse primary dendritic cells were treated with LPS or mock stimulus and profiled over a 12-hour time course. Cells were grown in M-labeled SILAC media, which was replaced with H-labeled SILAC media at time 0. Aliquots were taken at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12 hours post-stimulation and added to equal volumes of a master mix of unlabeled (L) cells for the purpose of normalization. RNA-Seq was performed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 hours post-stimulation.
Immunogenetics. Dynamic profiling of the protein life cycle in response to pathogens.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe show the molecular and functional characterization of a novel population of lineage-negative CD34-negative (Lin- CD34-) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients at diagnosis. Molecular caryotyping and quantitative analysis of BCR/ABL transcript demonstrated that about one third of CD34- was leukemic. CML CD34- cells showed kinetic quiescence and limited clonogenic capacity. However, stroma-dependent cultures and cytokines induced CD34 expression on some HSCs, cell cycling, acquisition of clonogenic activity and increased expression of BCR/ABL transcript. CML CD34- cells showed an engraftment rate in immunodeficient mice similar to that of CD34+ cells. Gene expression profiling revealed the down-regulation of cell cycle arrest genes together with genes involved in antigen presentation and processing, while the expression of angiogenic factors was strongly up-regulated when compared to normal counterparts. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed the significant down-regulation of HLA class I and II molecules in CML CD34-cells. Increasing doses of imatinib mesilate (IM) did not affect fusion transcript levels, BCR-ABL kinase activity and the clonogenic efficiency of CML CD34- cells as compared to leukemic CD34+cells.
Molecular and functional analysis of the stem cell compartment of chronic myelogenous leukemia reveals the presence of a CD34- cell population with intrinsic resistance to imatinib.
No sample metadata fields
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