This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Glutamine supplementation suppresses herpes simplex virus reactivation.
Specimen part
View SamplesChronic viral infections are difficult to treat and new approaches, particularly those involving enhancing immune responses are needed. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes latency, reactivates frequently, and breakthrough reactivation can occur despite suppressive antiviral therapy. Virus-specific T cells are important to control HSV, and activated T cells require increased metabolism of glutamine for their proliferation. We found that treatment of HSV-1 latently infected mice and HSV-2 infected guinea pigs with supplemental oral glutamine reduced virus reactivation. Transcriptome analysis of mice treated with glutamine showed that several interferon (IFN)- inducible genes were upregulated. Unlike wild-type mice, supplemental glutamine was ineffective in reducing the rate of HSV-1 reactivation in IFN- knock-out mice. Mice treated with glutamine had higher numbers of HSV-specific IFN- producing CD8 T cells in latently infected ganglia. Thus, glutamine may enhance the IFN--associated immune response and reduce the rate of reactivation of latent virus infection.
Glutamine supplementation suppresses herpes simplex virus reactivation.
Specimen part
View SamplesChronic viral infections are difficult to treat and new approaches, particularly those involving enhancing immune responses are needed. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes latency, reactivates frequently, and breakthrough reactivation can occur despite suppressive antiviral therapy. Virus-specific T cells are important to control HSV, and activated T cells require increased metabolism of glutamine for their proliferation. We found that treatment of HSV-1 latently infected mice and HSV-2 infected guinea pigs with supplemental oral glutamine reduced virus reactivation. Transcriptome analysis of mice treated with glutamine showed that several interferon (IFN)- inducible genes were upregulated. Unlike wild-type mice, supplemental glutamine was ineffective in reducing the rate of HSV-1 reactivation in IFN- knock-out mice. Mice treated with glutamine had higher numbers of HSV-specific IFN- producing CD8 T cells in latently infected ganglia. Thus, glutamine may enhance the IFN--associated immune response and reduce the rate of reactivation of latent virus infection.
Glutamine supplementation suppresses herpes simplex virus reactivation.
Specimen part
View SamplesDifferences in the inherent properties of undifferentiated fat cell progenitors may contribute to the biological specificity of the abdominal subcutaneous (Sc) and visceral omental (V) fat depots. In this study, the biological characteristics of three distinct subpopulations of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC), i.e. ASCSVF, ASCBottom and ASCCeiling isolated from Sc and V adipose tissue biopsies of non-obese subjects, were investigated. Genome-wide differential gene expression analysis followed by quantitative RT-PCR and analysis of cytokines in the ASC-derived conditioned medium were performed. By analysis of 28,869 annotated genes, 1,019 genes resulted differentially expressed between Sc-ASC and V-ASC. Within the Sc-ASC and V-ASC populations, 546 and 1,222, respectively, were the genes differentially expressed among ASCSVF, ASCBottom and ASCCeiling. A far more striking difference was found when the hierarchical clusters analysis was performed comparing each Sc-ASC with its own homologous V-ASC subset. mRNA levels of HoxA5, Tbx15, PI16, PITPNC1, FABP5, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF, MMP3, TFPI2, and ANXA10 were significantly different between Sc-ASC and V-ASC. Of the 27 cytokines measured, 14 (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL12, IL13, MIP1-, MIP1-, PDGF-, FGFbasic, GM-CSF, IP-10) were not released, whereas 13 were expressed (IL-1beta, IL-1ra, IL-15, IL-17, G-CSF, IFN, RANTES, TNF-, Eotaxin, IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF, IL-6), and of these, MCP-1, Eotaxin, IL-1ra, FGFbasic, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, and VEGF were significantly different among ASCSVF, ASCCeiling and ASCBottom of the two adipose tissue depots. These results demonstrate the existence of genetically and functionally heterogeneous fat-derived ASC populations, which may add to the complexity and specificity of Sc and V adipose tissue in humans.
Differences in gene expression and cytokine release profiles highlight the heterogeneity of distinct subsets of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in humans.
Specimen part
View SamplesSugars modulate expression of hundreds of genes in plants. Previous studies on sugar signaling, using intact plants or plant tissues, were hampered by tissue heterogeneity, uneven sugar transport and/or inter-conversions of the applied sugars. This, in turn, could obscure the identity of a specific sugar that acts as a signal affecting expression of given gene in a given tissue or cell-type. To bypass those biases, we have developed a novel biological system, based on stem-cell-like Arabidopsis suspension culture. The cells were grown in a hormone-free medium and were sustained on xylose as the only carbon source. The functional genomics approach was used to identify sugar responsive genes, which rapidly (within 1 h) respond specifically to low concentration (1 mM) of glucose, fructose and/or sucrose.
Functional dissection of sugar signals affecting gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe report differences in mRNA gene expression in rectal biopsies from MSM compared to controls and for MSM timed with episodes of CRAI. Overall design: Rectal biopsies were obtained from MSM at two study timepoints: 1. after who abstaining from CRAI for >72 hours and 2.after engaing in CRAI within the last 24 hours. Rectal biopsies were also obtained from men who never engaged in AI.
Short Communication: Anatomic Site of Sampling and the Rectal Mucosal Microbiota in HIV Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men Engaging in Condomless Receptive Anal Intercourse.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesAnalysis of T-cells lacking the proprotein convertase furin. Proprotein convertases promote the proteolytic maturation of proproteins. Furin is induced in activated T-cells. Results provide insight into the function of furin in T-cells.
Proprotein convertase FURIN regulates T cell receptor-induced transactivation.
Age, Treatment
View SamplesTranscriptomic analysis of gene expression during the differentiation of cell suspension cultures into tracheary elements using the biological system published by Pesquet et al., Current Biology (2010): tracheary element differentiation was triggered by externally supplying hormone-free habituated cell suspension cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 with auxin, cytokinin and epibrassinolides; RNA samples extracted from 3 independent time-courses every 12h from 0h to 4 days were analyzed using ATH1 Arabidopsis Affymetrix micro-array
Proteomic Analysis of Microtubule Interacting Proteins over the Course of Xylem Tracheary Element Formation in Arabidopsis.
Specimen part, Time
View SamplesThe basic defect of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) lies within peripheral blood mononuclear cells rather than local kidney abnormalities. Previously we showed an altered gene expression in monocytes compared to B and T cells isolated from IgAN patients (Kidney Int, 2010), thus our aim here was to study this subset more closely at genome-wide level.
Altered monocyte expression and expansion of non-classical monocyte subset in IgA nephropathy patients.
Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesWe studied adipose tissue from wild type mice, kinin B1 receptor knockout mice (B1KO), and B1KO mice with rescued expression of kinin B1 receptor selectively in fat.
Kinin B1 and B2 receptor deficiency protects against obesity induced by a high-fat diet and improves glucose tolerance in mice.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
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