This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Childhood tolerance of severe influenza: a mortality analysis in mice.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesThis study aims to demonstrate the link between epigenome-wide methylation aberrations at birth and genomic transcriptional changes upon allergen sensitization that occur in the neonatal dendritic cells (DC) due to maternal asthma. In an in vivo model reproducing human epidemiology findings, maternal but not paternal asthma predisposes the neonate to increased asthma risk, the effect is allergen-independent and is not genetic or environmental. Earlier we demonstrated that neonates of asthmatic mothers are born with a functional skew in splenic DCs that mediates the early-life asthma origin. These allergen-naive cells convey allergy responses to normal recipients, however minimal to no transcriptional or phenotypic changes were found to explain the functional pro-allergic alterations. In this study we profiled both allergen-nave dendritic cells, and cells after allergen sensitization in vivo. We found that while allergen-naive DCs from asthma-at-risk neonates have minimal transcriptional change compared to controls, upon allergen sensitization, multiple genes with pre-existing epigenetic alterations show significant transcriptional change. .
Link between epigenomic alterations and genome-wide aberrant transcriptional response to allergen in dendritic cells conveying maternal asthma risk.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesRationale: Maternal immune responses can promote allergy development in offspring. Pilot data show that neonates of mother mice exposed during pregnancy to air pollution particles have increased allergic susceptibility. Objective: We investigated whether inflammatory response to titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles earlier considered immunologically inert is enhanced during pregnancy. Methods: Pregnant BALB/c mice (or non-pregnant controls) received particle suspensions intranasally at day 14 of pregnancy. Lung inflammatory responses were evaluated 19 and 48 h after exposure. Results: Pregnant mice showed robust and persistent acute inflammatory responses after exposure to TiO2, while non-pregnant females had the expected minimal responses. Genomic profiling identified genes differentially expressed in pregnant lungs exposed to TiO2. Neonates of mothers exposed to TiO2 (but not PBS) developed increased susceptibility to allergens. Conclusion: Pregnancy enhances lung inflammatory responses to otherwise relatively innocuous inert particles.
Pulmonary exposure to particles during pregnancy causes increased neonatal asthma susceptibility.
Sex
View SamplesGiven the dearth of new antibiotics, host-directed therapies (HDTs) are especially desirable. Since IFN-gamma (IFN) plays a central role in host resistance to intracellular bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we searched for small molecules to augment the IFN response in macrophages. Using a novel screen we identified a compound belonging to the rocaglate family(CMLD009433) that synergize with a sub-threshold concentration of IFN to enhance macrophage activation.
Fine-tuning of macrophage activation using synthetic rocaglate derivatives.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesBackground: Nrf2 is an essential cytoprotective transcription factor. However, association of Nrf2 in organ development and neonatal disease is rarely examined. Hyperoxia exposure to newborn rodents generates pulmonary phenotypes which resemble bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of prematurity.
Targeted deletion of nrf2 impairs lung development and oxidant injury in neonatal mice.
Treatment
View SamplesLymph node vs. tonsil
Differential expression of a gene signature for scavenger/lectin receptors by endothelial cells and macrophages in human lymph node sinuses, the primary sites of regional metastasis.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesEarly onset sepsis due to Group B streptococcus (GBS) leads to neonatal morbidity, increased mortality and long term neurological deficencies. Interaction between septicemic GBS and confluent monlayers of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) was analyzed by a genome wide expression profiling. Regulation of selected genes and proteins identified in the gene array analysis was confirmed by Real Time RT-PCR assay (Granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (CXCL6)), ELISA (Urokinase, Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), Granulocyte chemotactic protein 1 (IL8)) and Western Blotting (Heme oxygenase1, BCL2 interacting protein (BIM)) at various time points between 4 and 24 hours. In total, 124 genes were differentially regulated (89 upregulated, 35 downregulated) based on a more than 3-fold difference to unstimulated HCAEC. Regulated genes are involved in apoptosis, hemostasis, oxidative stress response, infection and inflammation. We confirmed upregulation of urokinase (UPA), COX2, HMOX1 and BCL2 interacting protein and downregulation of CXCL6 and IL8. These results indicate that GBS infection might lead to impaired function of the innate immune system and might contribute to hemorrhagic and inflammatory complications during GBS sepsis.
Infection of human coronary artery endothelial cells by group B streptococcus contributes to dysregulation of apoptosis, hemostasis, and innate immune responses.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe previously showed that a diet containing phloridzin suppressed the blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice most likely by inhibiting glucose absorption from the small intestine. In this study, we showed that 0.5% and 1% phloridzin diets significantly reduce the blood glucose levels in healthy normal BALB/c mice after 7 days of feeding.
Phloridzin reduces blood glucose levels and alters hepatic gene expression in normal BALB/c mice.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesQuercetin is a food component that may ameliorate the diabetic symptoms. We examined hepatic gene expression of BALB/c mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes to elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect of dietary quercetin on diabetes-associated liver injury.
Dietary quercetin alleviates diabetic symptoms and reduces streptozotocin-induced disturbance of hepatic gene expression in mice.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesWe showed that diets containing 0.1% or 0.5% quercetin lowered the STZ-induced increase in blood glucose levels and improved plasma insulin levels. A cluster analysis of the hepatic gene expressions showed that 0.5% quercetin diet suppressed STZ-induced alteration of gene expression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the quercetin diets had their greatest suppressive effect on the STZ-induced elevation of expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) (Cdkn1a).
Dietary quercetin alleviates diabetic symptoms and reduces streptozotocin-induced disturbance of hepatic gene expression in mice.
Sex, Specimen part
View Samples