ES cell lines were established from mouse embryos, which were homozygous for the Trim33-flox allele and carried the UbcCreERT2 transgene. Cells were cultured without feeder cells in the presence of LIF and 2i. Embryoid bodies (EBs) were generated using the ATCC protocol on low attachment dishes under differentiating conditions. EBs were induced with Tamoxifen at day 1 and harvested at days 2 and 2.5, respectively. Overall design: Investigate differentially expressed genes in control and Trim33-deficient embryoid bodies derived from mouse embryonic stem cells
Trim33 regulates early maturation of mouse embryoid bodies in vitro.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject, Time
View SamplesES cell lines were established from mouse embryos, which were homozygous for the Trim33-flox allele and carried the UbcCreERT2 transgene. Cells were cultured without feeder cells in the presence of LIF and 2i. Embryoid bodies (EBs) were generated using the ATCC protocol on low attachment dishes under differentiating conditions. EBs were induced with Tamoxifen at day 4 and harvested at day 7. Overall design: Investigate differentially expressed genes in control and Trim33-deficient embryoid bodies derived from mouse embryonic stem cells
Trim33 is required for appropriate development of pre-cardiogenic mesoderm.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject, Time
View SamplesIn order to clarify the human response of re-epithelialization, we biopsied split-thickness skin graft donor site wounds immediately before and after harvesting, as well as during the healing process 3 and 7 days thereafter. Altogether 25 biopsies from 8 patients qualified for the study. All samples were analysed by genome-wide microarrays. Here we identified the genes associated with normal skin re-epithelialization on time-scale, and organized them by similarities according to their induction or suppression patterns during wound healing.
Human skin transcriptome during superficial cutaneous wound healing.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe report that Tripartite motif-containing 33 (Trim33), a protein that was previously associated with TGF-beta signaling, determines the pathogenic function of Th17 cells. Trim33 deficiency in T cells resulted in resistance to an autoimmune disease model. Lack of Trim33 did not impact TGF-beta signaling in mediating Foxp3 gene expression but greatly reduced TGF-beta induction of IL-17 production during Th17 cell differentiation. Importantly, we found TGF-beta not only increased IL-17 but also suppressed IL-10 expression; absence of Trim33 or Smad2 but not Smad4 in T cells enhanced IL-10 expression. In a Smad2-dependent manner, Trim33 was recruited to Il17 and Il10 gene loci and was crucial in appropriate histone modification accompanying Th17 differentiation.
Trim33 mediates the proinflammatory function of Th17 cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesImplantation of an embryo in the uterus is a multistep process tightly controlled by an intricate regulatory network of interconnected ovarian, uterine, and embryonic factors. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands and receptors are expressed in the pregnant uterus, and BMP2 has been shown to be a key regulator of implantation. In this study, we investigated the roles of the BMP type 1 receptor, activin-like kinase 2 (ALK2), during mouse pregnancy by producing uterine-specific Alk2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. In the absence of ALK2, embryos can invade the uterine epithelium and stroma, but stromal cells cannot undergo uterine decidualization, resulting in sterility. Mechanistically, microarray analysis revealed that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (Cebpb) expression is suppressed during decidualization in Alk2 cKO females. These findings and the similar phenotypes of Cebpb cKO and Alk2 cKO mice lead to the hypothesis that BMPs act upstream of C/EBP to regulate decidualization. To test this hypothesis, we knocked down ALK2 in human uterine stromal cells (HESC) and discovered that ablation of ALK2 alters HESC decidualization and suppresses CEBPB mRNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of decidualizing HESC confirmed that BMP signaling protein, SMAD1, directly regulates expression of CEBPB by binding a distinct regulatory sequence in the CEBPB promoter; C/EBP, in turn, regulates the expression of progesterone receptor (PGR). Our work clarifies the conserved mechanisms through which BMPs regulate embryo implantation in rodents and primates and, for the first time, uncovers a linear pathwayof BMP signaling through ALK2 to regulate CEBPB and, subsequently, PGR during decidualization.
Activin-like kinase 2 functions in peri-implantation uterine signaling in mice and humans.
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View SamplesTGF-beta signaling in neural crest cells is required for normal craniofacial development. This signaling can be transduced via TGF-beta type I receptors (TGFbRI) using Smad-dependent or Smad independent signaling pathways.
TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (Tak1) mediates agonist-induced Smad activation and linker region phosphorylation in embryonic craniofacial neural crest-derived cells.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesIn differentiated mouse ESCs, most of the nodal/activin responsive genes are dependent on both Smad4 and Trim33, some are solely dependent on Smad4, and some are dependent on Trim33.
A poised chromatin platform for TGF-β access to master regulators.
Specimen part
View SamplesDevelopment of the female tract results from the carefull coordination of numerous signaling pathways. Here, we evaluated the role of hippo pathway in the development of the female reproductive tract.
<i>Lats1</i> and <i>Lats2</i> are required for the maintenance of multipotency in the Müllerian duct mesenchyme.
Specimen part
View SamplesGene expression was studied from the blood derived RNAs of the Finnish family members as well as from 10 controls using GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus2 (Affymetrix). Eight out of 10 family members in the expression analysis are heterozygous for the NPAT c.2437-2438delAG, three of which are NLPHL cases.
Exome sequencing reveals germline NPAT mutation as a candidate risk factor for Hodgkin lymphoma.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage, Subject
View SamplesGene expression profiles of 10 uterine leiomyomas and their matched normal myometrium specimens were studied using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 gene expression arrays. Four tumors displayed a codon 44 mutation, four carried a intron 1 mutation, and the remaining two displayed no MED12 mutation.
MED12, the mediator complex subunit 12 gene, is mutated at high frequency in uterine leiomyomas.
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples