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GSE31901
Homo sapiens
56 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
Dietary fat quality may influence skeletal muscle lipid handling and fat accumulation, thereby modulating insulin sensitivity. Objective: To examine acute effects of meals with various fatty acid (FA) compositions on skeletal muscle FA handling and postprandial insulin sensitivity in obese insulin resistant men. Design: In a single-blinded randomized crossover study, 10 insulin resistant men consumed three high-fat mixed-meals (2.6MJ). Meals were high in saturated FA (SFA), in monounsaturated FA (MUFA) or in polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). Fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle FA handling were examined by measuring arterio-venous concentration differences across forearm muscle. [2H2]-palmitate was infused intravenously to label endogenous triacylglycerol (TAG) and FFA in the circulation and [U-13C]-palmitate was added to the meal to label chylomicron-TAG. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken to assess intramuscular lipid metabolism and gene expression. Results: Insulin and glucose responses (AUC) after SFA meal were significantly higher compared with PUFA meal (p=0.003 and 0.028, respectively). Uptake of TAG-derived FA was significantly lower in the early postprandial phase after PUFA meal as compared with other meals (AUC60-120, p<0.001). The PUFA meal induced less transcriptional downregulation of oxidative pathways compared with other meals. The fractional synthetic rate was higher in DAG and PL fraction after MUFA and PUFA meal. Conclusion: Intake of a PUFA meal reduced TAG-derived skeletal muscle FA uptake, which was accompanied by higher postprandial insulin sensitivity and a tendency towards a higher muscle lipid turnover. These data suggest that the effects of replacement of SFA by PUFA may contribute to less muscle lipid uptake and may be therefore protective against the development of insulin resistance.
Publication Title
PUFAs acutely affect triacylglycerol-derived skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and increase postprandial insulin sensitivity.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Time
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 40 Downloadable Samples
NextSeq 500
Description
Transcriptomes of circulating monocytes in Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) patients, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients, asymptomatic Q fever seropositive controls and healthy controls Overall design: Circulating monocytes from QFS patinets, CFS patients, asymptomatic Q fever seropositive controls and healthy controls were isolated from PBMCs by menas of Percoll
Publication Title
A possible role for mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and MOTS-c in patients with Q fever fatigue syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Disease stage, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Background: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are relatively easily obtainable cells in humans. Gene expression profiles of PBMCs have been shown to reflect the pathological and physiological state of a person. Recently, we showed that the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR) has a functional role in human PBMCs during fasting. However, the extent of the role of PPAR in human PBMCs remains unclear. In this study, we therefore performed gene expression profiling of PBMCs incubated with the specific PPAR ligand WY14,643. Results: Incubation of PBMCs with WY14,643 for 12 hours resulted in a differential expression of 1,373 of the 13,080 genes expressed in the PBMCs. Gene expression profiles showed a clear individual response to PPAR activation between six healthy human blood donors, which was not the result of the nutritional status of the donors. Pathway analysis showed that genes in fatty acid metabolism, primarily in -oxidation were up-regulated upon activation of PPAR with WY14,643, and genes in several amino acid metabolism pathways were down-regulated. Conclusions: This study shows that PPAR in human PBMCs regulates fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. In addition, PBMC gene expression profiles show individual responses to WY14,643 activation. We show that PBMCs are a suitable model to study changes in PPAR activation in healthy humans.
Publication Title
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals an individual gene expression profile response.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST Array (hugene11st)
Description
High MC-SFA intake resulted in a downregulation of gene expression of pathways related to complement system and inflammation, and an upregulation of gene expression of pathways related to citric acid cycle, electron transport chain and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the beneficial effects of MC-SFAs on prevention of fat accumulation may be mediated by increases in gene expression related to energy metabolism in the adipose tissue. Additionally, decreases in inflammation-related gene expression in the adipose may potentially have beneficial effects in relation to cardiometabolic diseases.
Publication Title
Dietary medium-chain saturated fatty acids induce gene expression of energy metabolism-related pathways in adipose tissue of abdominally obese subjects.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus, Homo sapiens
- 38 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.1 ST Array (mogene21st)
Description
This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Publication Title
Transcriptomic signature of fasting in human adipose tissue.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 16 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.1 ST Array (mogene21st)
Description
Little is known about the impact of fasting on gene regulation in human adipose tissue. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fasting on adipose tissue gene expression in humans. To that end, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected from volunteers 2h and 26h after consumption of a standardized meal. For comparison, epididymal adipose tissue was collected from C57Bl/6J mice after a 16h fast and in the ab-libitum fed state. Transcriptome analysis was carried out using Affymetrix microarrays. We found that, 1) fasting downregulated numerous metabolic pathways in human adipose tissue, including triglyceride and fatty acid synthesis, glycolysis and glycogen synthesis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial translation, and insulin signaling; 2) fasting downregulated genes involved in proteasomal degradation in human adipose tissue; 3) fasting had much less pronounced effects on the adipose tissue transcriptome in humans than mi ce; 4) although major overlap in fasting-induced gene regulation was observed between human and mouse adipose tissue, many genes were differentially regulated in the two species, including genes involved in insulin signaling (PRKAG2, PFKFB3), PPAR signaling (PPARG, ACSL1, HMGCS2, SLC22A5, ACOT1), glycogen metabolism (PCK1, PYGB), and lipid droplets (PLIN1, PNPLA2, CIDEA, CIDEC). In conclusion, although numerous genes and pathways are regulated similarly by fasting in human and mouse adipose tissue, many genes show very distinct responses to fasting in humans and mice. Our data provide a useful resource to study adipose tissue function during fasting.
Publication Title
Transcriptomic signature of fasting in human adipose tissue.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 127 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST Array (hugene11st)
Description
Early perturbations in vascular health can be detected by imposing subjects to a high fat (HF) challenge and measure response capacity. Subtle responses can be determined by assessment of whole-genome transcriptional changes. We aimed to magnify differences in health by comparing gene-expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) towards a high MUFA or SFA challenge between subjects with different cardiovascular disease risk profiles and to identify fatty-acid specific gene-expression pathways.
Publication Title
High fat challenges with different fatty acids affect distinct atherogenic gene expression pathways in immune cells from lean and obese subjects.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 128 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST Array (hugene11st)
Description
Introduction: There is increasing evidence that consumption of cocoa products have a beneficial effect on cardio-metabolic health, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Cocoa contains a complex mixture of flavan-3-ols. Epicatechin, a major monomeric flavan-3-ol, is considered to contribute to the cardio-protective effects of cocoa. We investigated effects of pure epicatechin supplementation on whole genome gene expression profiles of circulating immune cells. Methods: In a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial, 37 (pre)hypertensive (40-80y) subjects received two 4-week interventions; epicatechin (100mg/day) or placebo with a wash-out period of 4-week between both interventions. Whole genome gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined before and after both interventions. Results: After epicatechin supplementation 1180 genes were significantly regulated, of which 234 were also significantly regulated compared to placebo. Epicatechin supplementation up-regulated gene sets involved in transcription/translation and tubulin folding and down-regulated gene sets involved in inflammation. Only a few genes within these regulated gene sets were actually significantly changed upon epicatechin supplementation. Upstream regulators that were shown to be inhibited were classified as cytokine or inflammatory type molecules. Conclusion: Pure epicatechin supplementation modestly reduced gene expression related to inflammation signalling routes in circulating immune cells. These routes are known to play a role in cardiovascular health
Publication Title
Pure flavonoid epicatechin and whole genome gene expression profiles in circulating immune cells in adults with elevated blood pressure: A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.
Sample Metadata Fields
Treatment, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 18 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST Array (hugene11st)
Description
Polyphenolic compounds, such as resveratrol, have recently received widespread interest due to their ability to mimic effects of calorie restriction. The objective of the present study was to gain more insight into the effects of 30 days resveratrol supplementation on adipose tissue morphology and underlying processes. Nine healthy obese men were supplemented with placebo and 150mg/day resveratrol for 30 days, separated by a 4-week washout period. A postprandial abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy was collected to assess adipose tissue morphology and gene expression using microarray analysis. Resveratrol significantly decreased adipocyte size, with a shift towards a reduction in the proportion of large and very large adipocytes and an increase in small adipocytes. Microarray analysis revealed downregulation of Wnt, Notch and BMP/TGF- signaling pathways and upregulation of pathways involved in cell cycle after resveratrol supplementation, suggesting enhanced adipogenesis. Furthermore, the lysosomal/phagosomal pathway and the transcription factor EB were upregulated, reflecting an alternative pathway of lipid breakdown by autophagy. These data suggest that adipose tissue is an important target tissue for the effects of resveratrol in humans, but further research is necessary to investigate whether it translates into an improved adipose tissue function.
Publication Title
The effects of 30 days resveratrol supplementation on adipose tissue morphology and gene expression patterns in obese men.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Disease, Treatment, Race, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 30 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
In parallel with the inconsistency in observational studies and chemoprevention trials, the molecular mechanisms by which selenium may affect prostate cancer risk have not been elucidated. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial to examine the effects of a short-term intervention with selenized yeast on whole-genome expression profiles in non-malignant prostate tissue. Twenty-three men receiving prostate biopsies were randomly assigned to take 300 g selenized yeast per day (n=12) or placebo (non-selenized yeast, n=11) during a median intervention period of 35 (interquartile range: 31-35) days. Prostate specimens, collected from the transition zone before and after intervention, of 15 participants (n=8 selenium, n=7 placebo) were available for analysis using Affymetrix GeneChip Human 1.0 ST Arrays. Pathway and gene set enrichment analyses revealed that the intervention with selenium resulted in a down-regulated expression of genes involved in signaling pathways related to cellular adhesion, migration, invasion, remodeling and immune responses. Specifically, expression of the well-established epithelial marker E-cadherin was up-regulated, while mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin and fibronectin, were down-regulated after the intervention with selenium. This implies an effect of selenium on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, selenium affected expression of genes involved in wound healing and inflammation, processes which are both related to EMT. In conclusion, our data showed that selenium affected expression of genes implicated in EMT, mainly represented by a change in the direction of the epithelial rather than the mesenchymal phenotype.
Publication Title
A short-term intervention with selenium affects expression of genes implicated in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the prostate.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part, Time
View Samples