CD34+ cord blood hematopoietic progenitors were expanded in vitro as previously described (Balan et al., J Immunol, 2014) and then differentiated on a mixed feeder layer of OP9 cells expressing or not the Notch ligand Delta-like 1, with FLT3-L, TPO and IL-7. At the end of the cultures, single live Lin- HLA-DR+ cells were index sorted in 96-well plates containing lysis buffer, and snap frozen. Four putative cell types were sorted according to their expression patterns of key combinations of cell surface markers: putative pDCs, putative cDC1s, putative pre-cDC2s and putative cDC2s. Single cell RNA-sequencing libraries were subsequently generated for 90 single cells and 6 control wells using an adaptation of Smart-Seq2 (Villani et al., Science, 2017). Cells were sequenced at a depth of 1-3M reads/cell. Overall design: A total of 90 single cells and 6 controls from one culture were processed using a protocol adapted from Smart-Seq2 protocol (Villani et al., Science, 2017), which allows for the generation of full-length single cell cDNA, and sequencing libraries were generated using Illumina Nextera XT DNA library preparation kit. A few samples (10) were profiled but excluded from the processed data since they were either bulk (5) or blank (1) control samples or excluded due to QC (4). Therefore, there are 86 samples included here.
Large-Scale Human Dendritic Cell Differentiation Revealing Notch-Dependent Lineage Bifurcation and Heterogeneity.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesFor both PBMC and cells from the in vitro cultures, RNA purification and library generation was performed using the Chromium Single Cell Controller apparatus and associated protocols (10X Genomics). Libraries were sequenced by 75-bp single-end reading on a NextSeq500 sequencer (Illumina). Reads were aligned on the GRCh38 human genome assembly. Data analysis was performed using the R software package Seurat (https://github.com/satijalab/seurat) Overall design: Single cell RNA-seq data were generated on the 10X emulsion platform (10X Genomics, Pleasanton, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. NextSeq data from the Chromium platform were processed using CellRanger v1.3.1, and subsequent normalization, QC, filtering, and differential gene expression analysis was performed in R using Seurat v1.4.0.16.
Large-Scale Human Dendritic Cell Differentiation Revealing Notch-Dependent Lineage Bifurcation and Heterogeneity.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesMurine MafB/c-MAF double KO (Maf-DKO) primary macrophages are known for their unlimited non-tumorigenic self-renewal ability (Aziz et al., 2009). In an in vitro screen for cytokines and small molecules we identified Niacinamide (NAM) a potent inhibitor of their proliferative potential characterized by a reversible cell cycle arrest.
SIRT1 regulates macrophage self-renewal.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe compared gene expression differences in Lyl-1 knockout vs wildtype LMPPs
The transcription factor Lyl-1 regulates lymphoid specification and the maintenance of early T lineage progenitors.
Specimen part
View SamplesHairy cell leukemia (HCL) shows unique clinico-pathological and biological features. HCL responds well to purine analogues but relapses are frequent and novel therapies are required. BRAF-V600E is the key driver mutation in HCL and distinguishes it from other B-cell lymphomas, including HCL-like leukemias/lymphomas (HCL-variant and splenic marginal zone lymphoma). The kinase-activating BRAF-V600E mutation also represents an ideal therapeutic target in HCL. Here, we investigated the biological and therapeutic importance of the activated BRAF-MEK-ERK pathway in HCL by exposing in vitro primary leukemic cells purified from 26 patients to clinically available BRAF (Vemurafenib; Dabrafenib) or MEK (Trametinib) inhibitors. Results were validated in vivo in samples from Vemurafenib-treated HCL patients within a phase-2 clinical trial. BRAF and MEK inhibitors caused, specifically in HCL (but not HCL-like) cells, marked MEK/ERK dephosphorylation, silencing of the BRAF-MEK-ERK pathway transcriptional output, loss of the HCL-specific gene expression signature, downregulation of the HCL markers CD25, TRAP and cyclin-D1, smoothening of leukemic cells' hairy surface, and, eventually, apoptosis. Apoptosis was partially blunted by co-culture with bone marrow stromal cells antagonizing MEK-ERK dephosphorylation. This protective effect could be counteracted by combined BRAF and MEK inhibition. Our results strongly support and inform the clinical use of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in HCL.
BRAF inhibitors reverse the unique molecular signature and phenotype of hairy cell leukemia and exert potent antileukemic activity.
Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesRUNX1 is a frequent target of translocations in acute myeloid leukemia whereby its DNA binding domain fuses to different epigenetic regulators. To assess how different RUNX1 fusion proteins interact with the epigenome we compared the global binding patterns and the chromatin landscape of t(8;21) and t(3;21) AML which express RUNX1-ETO and RUNX1-EVI-1, respectively. We found that differential prognosis for these types of AML is reflected in fundamental differences in gene expression, chromatin landscape, binding patterns of the fusion proteins and other transcription factors as identified by genome-wide digital footprinting in patients. As previously shown for RUNX1-ETO, knockdown of RUNX1-EVI-1 expression initiates differentiation of t(3;21) cells which is associated with up-regulation of genes vital for myeloid differentiation, including C/EBPa. Furthermore, by expressing either dominant-negative C/EBP or an inducible C/EBPa construct in t(3;21) cells we show that C/EBPa is necessary and sufficient for the differentiation response of these cells to RUNX1-EVI-1 knockdown. Overall design: RNA-seq expreiments have been used to study the chromatin landscape of t(8;21) and t(3;21) AML
RUNX1-ETO and RUNX1-EVI1 Differentially Reprogram the Chromatin Landscape in t(8;21) and t(3;21) AML.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesStatus epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening condition that can give rise to a number of neurological disorders, including learning deficits, depression, and epilepsy. Many of the effects of SE appear to be mediated by alterations in gene expression. To gain deeper insight into how SE affects the transcriptome, we employed the pilocarpine SE model in mice and Illumina-based high-throughput sequencing to characterize alterations in gene expression from the induction of SE, to the development of spontaneous seizure activity. While some genes were upregulated over the entire course of the pathological progression, each of the three sequenced time points (12-hour, 10-days and 6-weeks post-SE) had a largely unique transcriptional profile. Hence, genes that regulate synaptic physiology and transcription were most prominently altered at 12-hours post-SE; at 10-days post-SE, marked changes in metabolic and homeostatic gene expression were detected; at 6-weeks, substantial changes in the expression of cell excitability and morphogenesis genes were detected. At the level of cell signaling, KEGG analysis revealed dynamic changes within the MAPK pathways, as well as in CREB-associated gene expression. Notably, the inducible expression of several noncoding transcripts was also detected. These findings offer potential new insights into the cellular events that shape SE-evoked pathology. Overall design: cDNA from two animals was pooled into two independent biological replicates for each timepoint (ie. two sets of two animals per experimental group: control, 12 hours, 10 days, 6 weeks). Samples were sequenced using a Genome Analyzer II (GAII) at a concentration of 10pM in each lane. Base-calling was conducted with the standard Illumina Analysis Pipeline 1.0 (Firescrest-Bustard). Eight FASTQ sequence files (sequencing reads plus quality information) were generated and mapped to the mouse genome (UCSC mm9) using the Bowtie algorithm with default settings. A C++ program was used to count the number of uniquely mapped reads within exons of Ref-Seq genes (UCSC Genome Browser mm9 annotation).
Status epilepticus stimulates NDEL1 expression via the CREB/CRE pathway in the adult mouse brain.
Cell line, Subject, Time
View SamplesExamination of Pin1-regulated Myc target genes in a human breast epithelial cell line. Overall design: Two samples: control GFP-expressing MCF10A-Myc cells and Pin1-expressing MCF10A-Myc cells.
Pin1 regulates the dynamics of c-Myc DNA binding to facilitate target gene regulation and oncogenesis.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesInnate sensing of viruses by dendritic cells (DCs) is critical for the initiation of anti-viral adaptive immune responses. Virus, however, have evolved to suppress immune activation in infected cells. We now analyze the susceptibility of different populations of dendritic cells to viral infections. We find that circulating human CD1c+ DCs support infection by HIV and influenza virus. Viral infection of CD1c+ DCs is essential for virus-specific CD8+ T cell activation and cytosolic sensing of the virus. In contrast, circulating human CD141+ DCs and pDCs constitutively limit viral fusion. The small GTPase RAB15 mediates this differential viral resistance in DC subsets through selective expression in CD141+ DCs and pDCs. Therefore, dendritic cell sub-populations evolved constitutive resistance mechanisms to mitigate viral infection during induction of antiviral immune response. Overall design: Examination of transcriptional profiles in 4 DC subsets purified from 3 donors using RNASeq
Constitutive resistance to viral infection in human CD141<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesmiR-132 and miR-212 are structurally-related microRNAs that have been found to exert powerful modulatory effects within the central nervous system (CNS). Notably, these microRNAs are tandomly processed from the same non-coding transcript, and share a common seed sequence: thus it has been difficult to assess the distinct contribution of each microRNA to gene expression within the CNS. Here, we employed a combination of conditional knockout and transgenic mouse models to examine the contribution of the miR-132/212 gene locus to learning and memory, and then to assess the distinct effects that each microRNA has on hippocampal gene expression. Using a conditional deletion approach, we show that miR-132/212 double knockout mice exhibit significant cognitive deficits in spatial memory, recognition memory, and in tests of novel object recognition. Next, we utilized transgenic miR-132 and miR-212 overexpression mouse lines and the miR-132/212 double knockout line explore the distinct effects of these two miRNAs on the transcriptional profile of the hippocampus. Illumina sequencing revealed that miR-132/212 deletion increased the expression of 1,138 genes; Venn analysis showed that 96 of these genes were also downregulated in mice overexpressing miR-132. Of the 58 genes that were decreased in animals overexpressing miR-212, only four of them were also increased in the knockout line. Functional gene ontology analysis of downregulated genes revealed significant enrichment of genes related to synaptic transmission, neuronal proliferation, and morphogenesis, processes known for their roles in learning, and memory formation. These data, coupled with previous studies, firmly establish a role for the miR-132/212 gene locus as a key regulator of cognitive capacity. Further, although miR-132 and miR-212 share a seed sequence, these data indicate that these miRNAs do not exhibit strongly overlapping mRNA targeting profiles, thus indicating that, these two genes may function in a complex, non-redundant manner to shape the transcriptional profile of the CNS. The dysregulation of miR-132/212 expression could contribute to signaling mechanisms that are involved in an array of cognitive disorders Overall design: Hippocampal mRNA was isolated from CaMKII-Cre::miR-132/212f/f, tTA::miR132, and tTA::miR212 animals, as well as their respective nontransgenic controls. cDNA from six animals was pooled into three independent biological replicates for each. Libraries were prepared according to the Illumina TruSeqTM Sample Preparation Guide and sequenced using an Illumina Genome Analyzer II. Sequences were aligned to the UCSC mm9 reference genome using Bowtie v0.12.7 and custom R scripts. The sequence data have been submitted to the NCBI Short Read Archive with accession number in progress. Relative abundance was measured in Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million fragments mapped using Cufflinks v1.2.
Targeted deletion of miR-132/-212 impairs memory and alters the hippocampal transcriptome.
Cell line, Subject
View Samples