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GSE53590
Mus musculus
8 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is rapidly becoming a global health problem, particularly as Westernization of emerging nations continues. Currently, one third of adult Americans are considered obese and, if current trends continue, >90% of US citizens are predicted to be affected by 2050. However, efforts to fight this epidemic have not yet produced sound solutions for prevention or treatment. Our studies reveal a balanced and chronobiological relationship between food consumption, daily variation in gut microbial evenness and function, basomedial hypothalamic circadian clock (CC) gene expression, and key hepatic metabolic regulatory networks , including CC and nuclear receptors (NR), that is are essential for metabolic homeostasis. Western diets high in saturated fats dramatically alter diurnal variation in microbial composition and function, which in turn lead to uncoupling of the hepatic CC and NR networks from central CC control in ways that offset the timing and types of regulatory factors directing metabolic function. These signals include microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that can directly regulate or disrupt metabolic networks of the hepatocyte. Our study therefore provides insights into the complex and dynamic relationships between diet, gut microbes, and the host that are critical for maintenance of health. Perturbations of this constellation of processes, in this case by diet-induced dysbiosis and its metabolomic signaling, can potentially promote metabolic imbalances and disease. This knowledge opens up many possibilities for novel therapeutic and interventional strategies to treat and prevent DIO, ranging from the manipulation of gut microbial function to pharmacological targeting of host pathways to restore metabolic balance.
Publication Title
Effects of diurnal variation of gut microbes and high-fat feeding on host circadian clock function and metabolism.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Rattus norvegicus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Rat Genome U34 Array (rgu34a)
Description
Most commonly used models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are diets based on specific gene knockouts or represent extreme manipulations of diet. We have examined the effects of modest increased caloric intake and high dietary unsaturated fat content on the development of NASH in male rats using a model in which overfeeding is accomplished via intragastric infusion of liquid diets as a part of total enteral nutrition. Male Sprague dawley rats were fed diets 5% corn oil containing diets at 187 Kcal/kg3/4/d or fed 70% corn oil containing diets at 220 Kcal/kg3/4/d for a period of 3 weeks. Hepatic gene expression were assessed at the end of the study. Our results indicate that overfeeding of high unsaturated fat diets leads to pathological, endocrine and metabolic changes characteristic of NASH patients and is associated with increased oxidative stress and TNF-a.
Publication Title
A new model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the rat utilizing total enteral nutrition to overfeed a high-polyunsaturated fat diet.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Rattus norvegicus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array (rat2302)
Description
Soy foods have been suggested to have both positive health benefits and potentially adverse effects largely as a result of their content of isoflavone phytoestrogens. Since soy protein isolate (SPI) contains isoflavones, in addition to purported health benefits, safety concerns have been raised regarding the use of SPI and soy formulas, because of potential estrogenic actions during the neonatal period, including the potential for reproductive toxicity, infertility, and the possibility of increased risk for development and recurrence of estrogen sensitive cancers such as breast cancer. In the current study, we used a rat model to compare the effects of SPI with those of 17b-estradiol (E2), on global gene expression profiles and morphology in the female rat mammary gland. Rats were either fed AIN-93G diets containing casein (CAS) or SPI beginning on postnatal day (PND) 30.
Publication Title
Mammary gland morphology and gene expression differ in female rats treated with 17β-estradiol or fed soy protein isolate.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex
View Samples- Rattus norvegicus
- 18 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Rat Gene 1.0 ST Array (ragene10st)
Description
Nr4a1 deficient rats (Nr4a1-/-) were developed using the fawn hooded hypertensive rat (FHH), which provided a genetic background susceptible to kidney injury. Both groups of animals were evaluated for blood pressure, proteinuria, renal function, and whole transcriptome gene pathway changes. Gene expression profiling was performed at week 8, 16, and 24 using kidney from FHH and Nr4a1-/- rats. To identify differentially expressed gene between FHH and Nr4a1-/- two statistical methods were utilized: (1) FWER (family-wise error rate) procedure, p<0.05 and fold-change 1.2 or greater; and/or (2) Benjamani and Hochberg FDR (false discovery rate) using p<0.05, and fold-change 1.2 or greater. Two-way ANOVA using a p<0.01 or lower was performed to identify strain X time interaction effects between groups. Gene networks and functional analysis were evaluated through the use of Ingenuity Pathways Analysis .
Publication Title
Genetic susceptibility and loss of Nr4a1 enhances macrophage-mediated renal injury in CKD.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Specimen part
View Samples- Rattus norvegicus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Rat Genome U34 Array (rgu34a)
Description
The current study was designed to determine if dietary fatty acid concentration and composition affects the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Male SD rats were overfed diets low (5%) or high (70%) fat diets via total enteral nutrition where the fat source was olive oil (monounsaturated), or corn oil (polyunsaturated). Overfeeding 5% corn oil produced little steatosis relative to feeding 5% olive oil. This was associated with lower fatty acid synthesis and reduced SREBP-c signaling in the 5% corn oil group. Overfeeding 70% fat diets increased steatosis and lead to increased liver necrosis in the 70% corn oil but not olive oil group. Increased injury after feeding polyunsaturated fat diets was linked to peroxidizability of hepatic free fatty acids and triglycerides and appearance of peroxidaized lipid products HETES and HODES previously linked to clinical nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Publication Title
Dietary fat source alters hepatic gene expression profile and determines the type of liver pathology in rats overfed via total enteral nutrition.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex
View Samples- Rattus norvegicus
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array (rat2302)
Description
In order to properly understand whether xenoestrogens act as estrogens, it is essential to possess a solid portrait of the physiological effects of exogenous estradiol. Because the estrogen-dependent gene expression is one of the primary biomarkers of estrogenic action, we have assessed effects of three doses of exogenous estradiol (0.1, 1.0 and 10 g/kg of body weight/day) on the mammary gland morphology and gene expression profiles by microarray analysis of prepubertal male and female rats of both sexes compared to untreated controls. Estradiol was administered subcutaneously with minipumps from weaning at PND21 to the end of the experiment at PND33. The data suggest that the male mammary is a sensitive tissue for estrogenicity assessment.
Publication Title
Mammary gland morphology and gene expression signature of weanling male and female rats following exposure to exogenous estradiol.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 20 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
The aim of this study was to characterize expression profiles of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in children. Adipose tissue samples were collected from children having elective surgery (n=71, [54 boys], 6.0 +- 4.3 years). Affymetrix microarrays (n=20) were performed to characterize the functional profile and identify genes of interest in adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue had an overrepresentation of Gene Ontology themes related to immune and inflammatory responses and subcutaneous adipose tissue had an overrepresentation of themes related to adipocyte growth and development. Likewise, qPCR performed in the whole cohort showed a 30-fold increase in haptoglobin (P < 0.005), 7-fold increase in IL-10 (P < 0.001), 8-fold decrease in VEGF (P < 0.01) and a 28-fold decrease in TBOX15 (P < 0.001) in visceral compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue.The inflammatory pattern in visceral adipose tissue may represent an early stage of the adverse effects of this depot, and combined with chronic obesity, may contribute to increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
Publication Title
An early inflammatory gene profile in visceral adipose tissue in children.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part
View Samples- Drosophila melanogaster
- 24 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
In order to study the transcriptional response of the fly brain to sugar and complete starvation, we first confirmed that 24 hours of sugar and complete starvation in flies is sufficient to elicit a homeostatic response. Subsequently, we used holidic medium to study effects of deficiency of a specfic macronutrient- cabohydrate in the food. To do so , we generated RNA- seq libraries from brains of 5 day old mated adult male flies maintained on different feeding regimes and used the sequencing data to identify diffrentially expressed genes in the brain under different feeding regimes. Overall design: For each condition, we used RNA prepared from 120-130 manually dissected adult fly brains maintained under complete starvation or sugar starvation regime for 24 hours.
Publication Title
Sugar Promotes Feeding in Flies via the Serine Protease Homolog scarface.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
While the existence of intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESCs) has been well established, their study has been limited due to the inability to isolate them. Previous work has utilized side population (SP) sorting of the murine small intestinal mucosa to isolate a viable fraction of cells enriched for putative IESCs. We have used microarray analyses to characterize the molecular features of this potential stem cell population.
Publication Title
Molecular properties of side population-sorted cells from mouse small intestine.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Drosophila melanogaster
- 1 Downloadable Sample
- Affymetrix Drosophila Genome 2.0 Array (drosophila2)
Description
We applied genome-wide profiling to successive salt-extracted fractions of micrococcal nuclease-treated Drosophila chromatin. Chromatin fractions extracted with 80mM or 150mM NaCl after digestion contain predominantly mononucleosomes and represent calssical 'active' chromatin. Profiles of these low-salt-soluble fractions display phased nucleosomes over transcriptionally active genes that are locally depleted of histone H3.3 and correspond closely to profiles of RNA polymerase II. Nearly quantitative recovery of chromatin is obtained with 600mM NaCl, however, the remaining insoluble chromatin is enriched in actively transcribed regions. Salt-insoluble chromatin likely represents oligonucleosomes that are attached to large protein complexes. Both low-salt extracted and insoluble chromatin are rich in sequences that correspond to epigenetic regulatory elements genome-wide. The presence of active chromatin at both extremes of salt solubility suggests that these salt fractions capture bound and unbound intermediates in active processes, thus providing a simple, powerful strategy for mapping epigenome dynamics.
Publication Title
Genome-wide profiling of salt fractions maps physical properties of chromatin.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples