CD4+ T cell differentiation into multiple T helper lineages is critical for optimal adaptive immune responses. This report identified a novel intrinsic mechanism by which PD-1 signaling imparted regulatory phenotype to FoxP3+ Th1 cells (denoted as Tbet+iTregPDL1 cells) and iTregs. Tbet+iTregPDL1 cells were capable of preventing inflammation in murine models of experimental colitis and experimental graft versus host disease. PDL-1 binding to PD-1 imparted regulatory function to Tbet+iTregPDL1 cells and iTregs by specifically downregulating an endolysosomal protease asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP)
PD-1 Inhibitory Receptor Downregulates Asparaginyl Endopeptidase and Maintains Foxp3 Transcription Factor Stability in Induced Regulatory T Cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesAltered mRNA levels of HBT1 were observed in S. cerevisiae cells expressing hsc82-W296A compared to WT HSC82. We conducted microarray analysis to determine the extent of other changes in that strain.
Identification of an Hsp90 mutation that selectively disrupts cAMP/PKA signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesCoordinated regulation of gene expression levels across a series of experimental conditions provides valuable information about the functions of correlated transcripts. To map gene regulatory pathways, we used microarray-derived gene expression measurements in 60 individuals of an F2 sample segregating for diabetes. We performed correlation analysis among ~40,000 expression traits. By combining correlation among expression traits and linkage mapping information, we were able to identify regulatory networks, make functional predictions to uncharacterized genes, and characterize novel members of known pathways. Using 36 seed traits, we found evidence of coordinate regulation of 160 G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway expression traits. Of the 160 traits, 50 had their major LOD peak within 8 cM of a locus on chromosome 2, and 81 others had a secondary peak in this region. A previously uncharacterized Riken cDNA clone, which showed strong correlation with stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 expression, was experimentally validated to be responsive to conditions that regulate lipid metabolism. Using linkage mapping, we identified multiple genes whose expression is under the control of transcription regulatory loci. Trait-correlation combined with linkage mapping can reveal regulatory networks that would otherwise be missed if we only studied mRNA traits with statistically significant linkages in this small cross. The combined analysis is more sensitive compared with linkage mapping only.
Combined expression trait correlations and expression quantitative trait locus mapping.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesEukaryotic genes generate multiple mRNA transcript isoforms though alternative transcription, splicing, and polyadenylation. However, the relationship between human transcript diversity and protein production is complex as each isoform can be translated differently. We fractionated a polysome profile and reconstructed transcript isoforms from each fraction, which we term Transcript Isoforms in Polysomes sequencing (TrIP-seq). Analysis of these data revealed regulatory features that control ribosome occupancy and translational output of each transcript isoform. We extracted a panel of 5' and 3' untranslated regions that control protein production from an unrelated gene in cells over a 100-fold range. Select 5' untranslated regions exert robust translational control between cell lines, while 3' untranslated regions can confer cell-type-specific expression. These results expose the large dynamic range of transcript-isoform-specific translational control, identify isoform-specific sequences that control protein output in human cells, and demonstrate that transcript isoform diversity must be considered when relating RNA and protein levels. Overall design: Total cytoplasmic and eight polysomal fractions of RNA were purified from HEK 293T cells in biological duplicate. Ribosomal RNA was depleted using Ribo-Zero (Human/Mouse/Rat; Epicenter) and libraries were prepared using the TruSeq RNA v2 kit (RS-122-2001; Illumina) skipping the polyA selection step. Reads are paired-end 75bp and sequencing adapters are GATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCTGAACTCCAGTCAC (read1) and AGATCGGAAGAGCGTCGTGTAGGGAAAGAGTGT (read2).
Tunable protein synthesis by transcript isoforms in human cells.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesPrevious studies have reported that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) generate dorsal forebrain, cortical-like neurons under default differentiation in the absence of patterning morphogens. Novel bioinformatic analyses of whole transcriptome data allow us to examine these cells' regional specification more comprehensively. Furthermore, these tools allow us to ask how well hPSNs mimic their endogenous counterparts during various stages of in vivo human brain development.
Default Patterning Produces Pan-cortical Glutamatergic and CGE/LGE-like GABAergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.
Sex, Specimen part, Time
View SamplesReverse genetics has been widely used to investigate function of viral genes. In the present study we investigated the gene expression profile of a primary ovine cell (OFTu) in response to infection with the wild type (OV-IA82) and deletion mutant virus (OV-IA82024) aiming to determine possible functions for ORFV024 during ORFV infection.
A novel inhibitor of the NF-{kappa}B signaling pathway encoded by the parapoxvirus orf virus.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe present ScarTrace, a single-cell sequencing strategy that allows us to simultaneously quantify information on clonal history and cell type for thousands of single cells obtained from different organs from adult zebrafish. Using this approach we show that all blood cells types in the kidney marrow arise from a small set of multipotent embryonic. In contrast, we find that cells in the eyes, brain, and caudal tail fin arise from many embryonic progenitors, which are more restricted and produce specific cell types in the adult tissue. Next we use ScarTrace to explore when embryonic cells commit to forming either left or right organs using the eyes and brain as a model system. Lastly we monitor regeneration of the caudal tail fin and identify a subpopulation of resident macrophages that have a clonal origin that is distinct from other blood cell types. Overall design: Single cell sequencing data from cells isolated from zebrafish organs (whole kidney marrow, forebrain, hindbrain, left eye, right eye, left midbrain, right midbrain, and regenerated fin). For each cell, we provide libraries with transcritpome and with clonal information, respectively.
Whole-organism clone tracing using single-cell sequencing.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Regulatory T Cells Orchestrate Similar Immune Evasion of Fetuses and Tumors in Mice.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesAnalysis of uterine microenvironment at gene expression level. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that Tregs orchestrated the immune reponse triggered in presence of embryo
Regulatory T Cells Orchestrate Similar Immune Evasion of Fetuses and Tumors in Mice.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesAnalysis of B16 tumor microenvironment at gene expression level. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that Tregs orchastrated the immune reponse triggered in presence of tumors
Regulatory T Cells Orchestrate Similar Immune Evasion of Fetuses and Tumors in Mice.
Age, Specimen part
View Samples