Failures to produce neutralizing antibodies upon HIV-1 infection result in part from B cell dysfunction due to unspecific B cell activation. How HIV-1 affects antigen-specific B cell functions remains elusive. Using an adoptive transfer mouse model and ex vivo HIV infection of human tonsil tissue we found that expression of the HIV-1 pathogenesis factor NEF in CD4 T cells undermines their helper function and impairs cognate B cell functions including mounting of efficient specific IgG responses. NEF interfered with T cell help via a specific protein interaction motif that prevents polarized cytokine secretion at the T cell - B cell immune synapse. This interference reduced B cell activation and proliferation and thus disrupted germinal center formation and affinity maturation. These results identify NEF as a key component for HIV-mediated dysfunction of antigen-specific B cells. Therapeutic targeting of the identified molecular surface in NEF will facilitate host control of HIV infection.
HIV-1 infection of CD4 T cells impairs antigen-specific B cell function.
Specimen part
View SamplesAll major types of interferon (IFN) efficiently inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, HCV replication is not sensitive to IFN in the hepatoma cell line Huh6, despite an intact signaling pathway. We performed transcriptome analyses between Huh6 and Huh-7 to identify effector genes of the IFN response and thereby identified the DExD/H box helicase DDX60L as a restriction factor of HCV replication. DDX60L and its homolog DDX60 were both induced upon viral infection and IFN treatment in primary human hepatocytes. However, exclusively DDX60L knockdown increased HCV replication in Huh-7 cells, and rescued HCV replication from type II IFN as well as type I and III IFN treatment, suggesting that DDX60L is an important effector protein of the innate immune response against HCV. DDX60L had no impact on replication of hepatitis A virus (HAV), but severely impaired production of lentiviral vectors, arguing for a potential antiretroviral activity. Detection of endogenous DDX60L protein turned out to be difficult due to instability. DDX60L knockdown did not alter interferon stimulated gene (ISG) induction after IFN treatment, suggesting that it is a direct effector of the innate immune response. It most likely inhibits viral RNA replication, since we found no impact of DDX60L on translation or stability of HCV subgenomic replicons, nor additional impact on entry and assembly of infectious virus. Similar to its homolog DDX60, DDX60L had a moderate impact on retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-dependent activation of innate immunity arguing for additional functions in the sensing of viral RNA.
DDX60L Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene Product Restricting Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Cell Culture.
Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Redeployment of Myc and E2f1-3 drives Rb-deficient cell cycles.
Specimen part
View SamplesCombined ablation of Myc and E2f1-3 results in disruption of crypt-villus integrity in the small intestine due to a S-G2 cell cycle blockade.
Redeployment of Myc and E2f1-3 drives Rb-deficient cell cycles.
Specimen part
View SamplesLoss of Myc corrects abrrant transcription in Rb KO villi, while these genetic manipulation does not lead to major gene expression changes in crypts.
Redeployment of Myc and E2f1-3 drives Rb-deficient cell cycles.
Specimen part
View Samples56 breast cancer cell lines were profiled to identify patterns of gene expression associated with subtype and response to therapeutic compounds. Overall design: Cell lines were profiled in their baseline, unperturbed state.
Modeling precision treatment of breast cancer.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe aim of this study was to measure the influence of beverages on blood gene expression. We wanted to explore the underlying mechanisms of the cardioprotective effects of red wine.
Analysis with respect to instrumental variables for the exploration of microarray data structures.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesHMGN1 contributes to the shortened latency of liver tumorigenesis by changing a chromatin structure and expression of relevant genes
Loss of the nucleosome-binding protein HMGN1 affects the rate of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesTotal RNA extracted from prostate cancer LNCaP cells transfected with siRNA against CTCF(siCTCF), or negative control siRNA (si-)were processed, and sequenced by two different companies using Illumina Hi-seq 2000 platform to generate RNA sequencing with two output sequences: paired-end 50bp and 101bp in read length. Nearly 100 million and 50 million raw reads were yielded from each sample respectively. We used FastQC to confirm the quality of raw fastq sequencing data, and SOAPfuse software to detect fusion transcripts. Overall design: Discovering fusion genes from siCTCF and si- in LNCaP cells.
Discovery of CTCF-sensitive Cis-spliced fusion RNAs between adjacent genes in human prostate cells.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesTranscriptomic changes in human liver cancer cell lines caused by the demethylating drug zebularine.
An integrated genomic and epigenomic approach predicts therapeutic response to zebularine in human liver cancer.
Cell line
View Samples