Microbial functions in the host physiology are a result of co-evolution between microbial communities and their hosts. Here we show that cold exposure leads to marked shift of the microbiota composition, referred to as cold microbiota. Transplantation of the cold microbiota to germ-free mice is sufficient to increase the insulin sensitivity of the host, and enable complete tolerance to cold partly by promoting the white fat browning, leading to increased energy expenditure and fat loss. During prolonged cold however, the body weight loss is attenuated, caused by adaptive mechanisms maximising caloric uptake and increasing intestinal, villi and microvilli lengths. This increased absorptive surface is promoted by the cold microbiota - effect that can be diminished by co-transplanting the most downregulated bacterial strain from the Verrucomicrobia phylum, Akkermansia muciniphila, during the cold microbiota transfer. Our results demonstrate the microbiota as a key factor orchestrating the overall energy homeostasis during increased demand. Overall design: Mice were kept 30 days at room temperature or at 6C, 2 per cage, under SPF conditions, with or without administration of antibiotic coctail in drinking water (whole microbiota depletion). Fasted 5h before sacrifice. Segments of proximal jejunum were isoated, flushed gently with PBS and frozen. Each of 12 samples is a pool of two biological replicates (2 biological replicates of the same condition combined into one sample)
Gut Microbiota Orchestrates Energy Homeostasis during Cold.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesGenome-wide mapping and characterization of novel Notch-regulated long non-coding RNAs in acute leukemia Overall design: Total RNA was extracted from samples using the RNeasy Plus mini kit (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA). Samples were then subject to PolyA selection (Figures 1E, 5F and 5G only) using oligo-dT beads (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) or rRNA removal (all other samples) using the Ribo-Zero kit (Epicentre, Madison, WI) according to the manufacturers instructions. The resulting RNA samples were then used as input for library construction using the dUTP method as described by Parkhomchuck et al, 2009. RNA libraries were then sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 or 2500 using 50bp paired-end reads.
Genome-wide mapping and characterization of Notch-regulated long noncoding RNAs in acute leukemia.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesUveal melanoma is an aggressive cancer that metastasizes to the liver in about half of patients, being at that time almost always fatal. Identification of patients at high risk of metastases may provide indication for a frequent follow-up for early detection of metastases and treatment. The analysis of the gene expression profiling of primary human uveal melanomas showed high expression of SDCBP (encoding for syndecan-binding protein-1 or syntenin-1), which appeared higher in patients with recurrence, whereas expression of syndecans was lower and unrelated to progression. Moreover, we found that high expression of SDCBP gene was related to metastatic progression in two additional independent dataset of uveal melanoma patients. More importantly, immunohistochemistry showed that high expression of syntenin-1 protein in primary tumours was significantly related to metastatic recurrence in our cohort of patients. Syntenin-1 expression was confirmed by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry in cultured uveal melanoma cells or primary tumours. A pseudo-metastatic model of uveal melanoma to the liver was developed in NOD/SCID/IL2R null mice and the study of syntenin-1 expression in primary and metastatic lesions revealed higher syntenin-1 expression in metastases. The inhibition of SDCBP expression by siRNA impaired the ability of uveal melanoma cells to migrate in a woundhealing assay. These results suggest that SDCBP is involved in uveal melanoma progression and that it represents a candidate molecular marker of metastases and a potential therapeutic target.
Mda-9/syntenin is expressed in uveal melanoma and correlates with metastatic progression.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesWe used microarrays to detail the global program of gene expression underlying the effect of p17 on human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and was compared to CpG profile.
HIV-1 matrix protein p17 induces human plasmacytoid dendritic cells to acquire a migratory immature cell phenotype.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesObesity is associated with insulin resistance and increased intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content, which are key risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, a subset of obese people does not develop these metabolic complications. We tested the hypothesis that MNO, but not MAO, people are protected from the adverse metabolic effects of weight gain. To this end, global transcriptional profile in adipose tissue before and after weight gain was evaluated by microarray analyses.
Metabolically normal obese people are protected from adverse effects following weight gain.
Specimen part
View SamplesNOTCH1 is mutationally activated in ~15% of cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), but its role in B-cell development and leukemogenesis is not known. Here, we report that the active intracellular portion of NOTCH1 (ICN1) is detectable in ~50% of peripheral blood CLL cases lacking gene mutations. We identify a ‘NOTCH1 CLL gene expression signature’ in CLL cells, and show that this signature is significantly enriched in primary CLL cases expressing ICN1, independent of NOTCH1 mutation. NOTCH1 target genes include key regulators of B-cell proliferation, survival and signal transduction physiology. In particular, we show that MYC is a direct target of NOTCH1 via B-cell specific distal regulatory elements, thus implicating this oncogene in the pathogenesis of the disease. Overall design: RNA-Seq analysis
Common nonmutational <i>NOTCH1</i> activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesCarbon nanotubes are cylindrically-shaped carbon nanostructures, made up of layers of graphene rolled onto themselves, with diameters similar to those of neuronal processes. In the last decade, CNT have been used as biocompatible growing substrates for neuronal attachment, differentiation and growth. In the perspective of new developments in tissue engineering, and in particular in spinal cord repair strategies, based on the use of CNTs, our aim is to clarify the biophysical interactions between CNTs and spinal cord neurons, studying the development of the morphological and functional characteristics of spinal neurons grown on CNT-based interfaces.
Adhesion to carbon nanotube conductive scaffolds forces action-potential appearance in immature rat spinal neurons.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe have studied the genes activated in human liver transplantation to identify potential target genes for the prevention or treatment of related injuries.
Wide gene expression profiling of ischemia-reperfusion injury in human liver transplantation.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesAmong acute myeloid leukemias (AML) with normal karyotype (CN-AML), NPM1 and CEBPA mutations define WHO provisional entities accounting for ~60% of cases, but the remaining ~40% remains poorly characterized. By whole exome-sequencing (WES) of one CN-AML patient lacking mutations in NPM1, CEBPA, FLT3, MLL-PTD and IDH1, we newly identified a clonal somatic mutation in BCOR (BCL6 co-repressor), a gene located in chromosome X. Further analyses showed that BCOR mutations occurred in 11/262 (4.2%) CN-AML cases and represented a substantial fraction (14/82, 17.1%) of CN-AML patients showing the same genetic background as the index patient subjected to WES.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies somatic mutations of BCOR in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype.
Disease
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Genetic programs expressed in resting and IL-4 alternatively activated mouse and human macrophages: similarities and differences.
Specimen part, Disease, Treatment
View Samples