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GSE16969
Homo sapiens
10 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Cortical tubers in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are associated with cognitive disability and intractable epilepsy. While these developmental malformations are believed to result from the effects of TSC1 or TSC2 Gene mutations, the molecular mechanisms leading to tuber formation during brain development as well as the onset of seizures remain largely unknown. We used the Affymetrix Gene Chip platform as a genome-wide strategy to define the Gene expression profile of cortical tubers resected during epilepsy surgery compared to histologically normal perituberal tissue (adjacent to the cortical tuber) from the same patients or autopsy control tissue.
Publication Title
Gene expression analysis of tuberous sclerosis complex cortical tubers reveals increased expression of adhesion and inflammatory factors.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Disease, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 21 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 2.1 ST Array (hugene21st)
Description
Continuous stress caused by smoking induces changes in the cell population of small airway epithelium, with basal cell hyperplasia and goblet cell metaplasia at the expense of ciliated cells, and there is now compiling evidence that basal cells play a key role in the early pathogenesis of Chronic Obtructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Publication Title
Microarray analysis identifies defects in regenerative and immune response pathways in COPD airway basal cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Disease stage
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 5 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HumanHT-12 V4.0 expression beadchip
Description
Here we show that platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells also show reduced cholesterol biosynthesis, and mostly rely on uptake of exogenous cholesterol for their needs. Expression of FDPS and OSC, enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis, are decreased both in drug-resistant cells and upon TRAP1 silencing, whereas the expression of LDL receptor, the main mediator of extracellular cholesterol uptake, is increased. Strikingly, treatment with different statins to inhibit cholesterol synthesis reduces cisplatin-induced apoptosis, whereas silencing of LIPG, an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, increases sensitivity to the drug.
Publication Title
Cholesterol Homeostasis Modulates Platinum Sensitivity in Human Ovarian Cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 3 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
The origin and function of human double negative (DN) TCR-alpha/beta T cells is unknown. They are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus because they expand and accumulate in inflamed organs. Here we provide evidence that human TCR-alpha/beta CD4- CD8- DN T cells derive exclusively from activated CD8+ T cells. Freshly isolated TCR-alpha/beta DN T cells display a distinct gene expression and cytokine production profile. DN cells isolated from peripheral blood as well as DN cells derived in vitro from CD8+ T cells, produce a defined array of pro-inflammatory mediators that includes IL-1, IL-17, IFN-gama, CXCL3, and CXCL2. These results indicate that, upon activation, CD8+ T cells have the capacity to acquire a distinct phenotype that grants them inflammatory capacity.
Publication Title
Human TCR-alpha beta+ CD4- CD8- T cells can derive from CD8+ T cells and display an inflammatory effector phenotype.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 11 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
HIV1+ smokers develop emphysema at an earlier age and with a higher incidence than HIV1- smokers. Based on the knowledge that human alveolar macrophages (AM) are capable of producing proteases that degrade extracellular matrix components, we hypothesized that upregulation of AM matrix metalloproteinases may be associated with the emphysema of HIV1+ smokers. To test this hypothesis, microarray analysis was used to screen which MMP genes were expressed by AM isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of HIV1+ smokers with early emphysema. For each of the MMP genes observed to be expressed (MMP-1, -2, -7, -9, -10, -12 and -14), TaqMan PCR was used to quantify the relative expression in AM from 4 groups of individuals: HIV1 healthy nonsmokers, HIV1- healthy smokers, HIV1- smokers with early emphysema and HIV1+ smokers with early emphysema. Strikingly, while AM gene expression of MMPs was higher in HIV1- individuals with emphysema in comparison with HIV1- healthy smokers, for the majority of the MMPs (-1, -7, -9, -10, -12), AM expression from HIV1+ smokers with early emphysema was significantly higher than HIV1- smokers with early emphysema. Consistent with these observations, HIV1+ individuals with early emphysema had higher levels of epithelial lining fluid MMPs (-2, -7, -9,-12) than the 3 HIV1 groups. Interestingly, the active forms of MMP-2, -9 and -12 were detected in epithelial lining fluid from HIV1+ individuals with early emphysema, but not in any of the other groups. Considering that the substrate specificity of the upregulated AM MMPs includes collagenases, gelatinases, matrilysins and elastase, these data suggest that upregulated AM MMP genes and activation of MMP proteins may contribute to the emphysema of HIV1+ individuals who smoke.
Publication Title
Up-regulation of alveolar macrophage matrix metalloproteinases in HIV1(+) smokers with early emphysema.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 7 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Comparing the mRNA expression profiles of c-Myb deficient and c-Myb sufficient Tcra-/- DP thymocytes.
Publication Title
c-Myb promotes the survival of CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes through upregulation of Bcl-xL.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 70 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2), Affymetrix Human Full Length HuGeneFL Array (hu6800)
Description
Lectins are proteins present on cell surfaces or as shed extracellular proteins that function in innate immune defense as phagocytic receptors to recognize specific bacterial cell wall components. Based on the knowledge that cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of bacterial infection, we hypothesized that cigarette smoking may modulate the expression of lectin genes in the airway epithelium. Affymetrix HG U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays were used to survey expression of lectin genes in large (3rd to 4th order bronchi) airway epithelium from 9 normal nonsmokers and 20 phenotypic normal smokers and small (10th to 12th order bronchi) airway epithelium from 13 normal nonsmokers and 20 phenotypic normal smokers. From the 72 lectin genes that were surveyed, there were no changes (>2-fold change, p<0.05) in gene expression in either large or small airway epithelium among normal smokers compared to nonsmokers except for a striking down regulation in both large and small airway epithelium of normal smokers of intelectin 1, a recently described lectin that participates in the innate immune response by recognizing and binding to galactofuranosyl residues in the cell walls of bacteria (large airway epithelium, p<0.003; small airway epithelium, p<0.002). TaqMan RT-PCR confirmed the observation that intelectin 1 was down-regulated in both large (p<0.05) and small airway epithelium (p<0.02) of normal smokers compared to normal nonsmokers. Immunohistochemistry assessment of biopsies of the large airway epithelium of normal nonsmokers demonstrated intelectin 1 was expressed in secretory cells, with qualitatively decreased expression in biopsies from normal smokers. Western analysis confirmed the decreased expression of intelectin 1 in airway epithelium of normal smokers compared to normal nonsmokers (p<0.02). Finally, compared to normal nonsmokers, intelectin 1 expression was decreased in small airway epithelium of smokers with early COPD (n= 13, p<0.001) and smokers with established COPD (n= 14, p<0.001), in a fashion similar to that of normal smokers. In the context that intelectin 1 is an epithelial molecule that likely plays a role in defense against bacteria, the down regulation of expression of intelectin 1 in response to cigarette smoking may contribute to the increase in susceptibility to infections observed in smokers, including those with COPD.
Publication Title
Decreased expression of intelectin 1 in the human airway epithelium of smokers compared to nonsmokers.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 5 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Airway basal cells (BC) function as progenitor cells capable of differentiating into ciliated and secretory cells to replenish the airway epithelium during physiological turnover and repair. The objective of this study was to define the role of Notch signaling in regulating human airway BC differentiation into a pseudostratified mucociliated epithelium. Notch inhibition with -secretase inhibitors demonstrated Notch activation is essential for BC differentiation into secre-tory cells and ciliated cells, but more so for the secretory lineage. Sustained Notch activation via lentivirus expression of the intracellular domain of each Notch receptor (NICD1-4) demonstrated that the Notch 2 and 4 pathways have little effect on BC differentiation, while activation of the Notch1 or 3 pathways has a major influence, with persistent expression of NICD1 or 3 resulting in a skewing toward secretory cell differentiation with a parallel decrease in ciliated cell differentiation. These observations provide insights into the control of the balance of BC differentiation into the secretory vs ciliated cell lineage, a balance that is critical for maintaining the normal function of the airway epithelium in barrier defense against the inhaled environment.
Publication Title
Activation of NOTCH1 or NOTCH3 signaling skews human airway basal cell differentiation toward a secretory pathway.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Time
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 28 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Background: The first step in SARS-CoV-2 infection is binding of the virus to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the airway epithelium. Asthma affects over 300 million people world-wide, many of whom may encounter SARS-CoV-2. Epidemiologic data suggests that asthmatics who get infected may be at increased risk of more severe disease. Our objective was to assess whether maintenance inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), a major treatment for asthma, is associated with airway ACE2 expression in asthmatics.
Publication Title
Up-regulation of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in asthmatics on maintenance inhaled corticosteroids.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 20 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Murine Genome U74A Version 2 Array (mgu74av2)
Description
Dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) in cystic fibrosis (CF) results in exaggerated and chronic inflammation as well as increased susceptibility to chronic pulmonary infections, in particular with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Based on the concept that host immune responses do not seem to be adequate to eradicate P.aeruginosa from the lungs of CF patients and that dendritic cells (DC) play an important role in initiating and shaping adaptive immune responses, this study analyzed the role of CFTR in bone marrow-derived murine DC from CFTR knockout (CF) mice with and without exposure to P.aeruginosa. DC expressed CFTR mRNA and protein, although at much lower levels compared to whole lung. Microarray analysis of gene expression levels in DC generated from CF and wild type (WT) mice revealed significantly different expression of 16 genes in CF DC compared to WT DC. Among the genes with lower expression in CF DC was Caveolin-1, a membrane lipid raft protein. Messenger RNA and protein levels of Caveolin-1 were decreased in the CF DC compared to WT DC. Consistently, the active form of sterol-responsive element binding protein (SREBP), a negative regulator of Caveolin-1 expression, was increased in CF DC. Following exposure to P.aeruginosa, gene expression levels in CF and WT DC changed for 912 genes involved in inflammation, chemotaxis, signaling, cell cycling and apoptosis more than 1.5-fold. Among the genes that showed a different response between WT and CF DC infected with P.aeruginosa, were 3-hydroxysterol-7 reductase (Dhcr7) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 (Scd2), two enzymes involved in the lipid metabolism that are also regulated by SREBP. These results suggest that CFTR dysfunction in non-epithelial cells results in changes in the expression of genes encoding factors involved in membrane structure and lipid-metabolism. These membrane alterations in immune cells may contribute to the abnormal inflammatory and immune response characteristic of CF.
Publication Title
Influence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator on expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in dendritic cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples