Current prophylactic and therapeutic strategies targeting human influenza viruses include vaccines and antivirals. Given variable rates of vaccine efficacy and antiviral resistance, alternative strategies are urgently required to improve disease outcomes. Here we describe the use of HiSeq deep sequencing to analyze host gene expression in primary human alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus. We employed primary human ATII cells isolated from normal human lung tissue donated by patients that underwent lung resection. Human host gene expression following HPAI H5N1 virus (A/Chicken/Vietnam/0008/04) infection of primary ATII cells was analyzed using Illumina HiSeq deep sequencing. Overall design: Human non-tumor lung tissue samples were donated by three anonymous patients undergoing lung resection at Geelong Hospital, Barwon Health, Australia. The research protocols and human ethics were approved by the Human Ethics Committees of Deakin University, Barwon Health and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). An informed consent was obtained from all tissue donors. All research were performed in accordance with the guidelines stated in the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007). The sampling of normal lung tissue was confirmed by the Victorian Cancer Biobank, Australia.
Deep sequencing of primary human lung epithelial cells challenged with H5N1 influenza virus reveals a proviral role for CEACAM1.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesOn triggering of the T cell receptor CD8 T lymphocytes downregulate expression of the transcription factor KLF2. KLF2 expression remains low as these cells differentiate to Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) but may be re-expressed depending on the local environmental signals.
The impact of KLF2 modulation on the transcriptional program and function of CD8 T cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe aim of this study was to characterize expression profiles of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in children. Adipose tissue samples were collected from children having elective surgery (n=71, [54 boys], 6.0 +- 4.3 years). Affymetrix microarrays (n=20) were performed to characterize the functional profile and identify genes of interest in adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue had an overrepresentation of Gene Ontology themes related to immune and inflammatory responses and subcutaneous adipose tissue had an overrepresentation of themes related to adipocyte growth and development. Likewise, qPCR performed in the whole cohort showed a 30-fold increase in haptoglobin (P < 0.005), 7-fold increase in IL-10 (P < 0.001), 8-fold decrease in VEGF (P < 0.01) and a 28-fold decrease in TBOX15 (P < 0.001) in visceral compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue.The inflammatory pattern in visceral adipose tissue may represent an early stage of the adverse effects of this depot, and combined with chronic obesity, may contribute to increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
An early inflammatory gene profile in visceral adipose tissue in children.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesThe 16p11.2 deletion and duplication syndromes have been associated with developmental delay and autism spectrum disorders, and a reciprocal effect on body mass index. Here we explored these links with new engineered mouse models carrying a deletion (Del/+) and duplication (Dup/+) of the whole 16p11.2 homologous Sult1a1-Spn region. On a pure genetic background, compared to wild-types, Del/+ mice carrying the deletion showed weight and adipogenesis deficits, hyperactivity, repetitive behaviors, and recognition memory deficits, whereas Dup/+ mice showed the opposite phenotypes and Del/Dup individuals displayed no changes. Alterations in social interaction were also observed in Del/+ and Dup/+ animals on a mixed genetic background.
Reciprocal Effects on Neurocognitive and Metabolic Phenotypes in Mouse Models of 16p11.2 Deletion and Duplication Syndromes.
Sex, Specimen part
View SamplesActivated pancreatic stellate cells produce the fibrotic matrix in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. In vitro protocols examining PSC biology have usually involved PSCs cultured on plastic, a non-physiological surface. However, PSCs cultured on physiological matrices e.g. MatrigelTM (normal basement membrane) and collagen (fibrotic pancreas), may have distinctly different behaviours compared to cells cultured on plastic. Therefore, we aimed to compare PSC gene expression after culture on plastic, MatrigelTM and collagen I.
Extracellular matrix composition significantly influences pancreatic stellate cell gene expression pattern: role of transgelin in PSC function.
Sex
View SamplesPersons with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit low muscle strength that significantly impairs their physical functioning. The Ts65Dn mouse model of DS also exhibits muscle weakness in vivo and may serve as a useful model to examine potential factors responsible for DS-associated muscle dysfunction. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to directly assess skeletal muscle function in the Ts65Dn mouse and to reveal potential mechanisms of DS-associated muscle weakness. Soleus muscles were harvested from anesthetized male Ts65Dn and wild-type (WT) colony controls. In vitro muscle contractile experiments revealed normal force generation of unfatigued Ts65Dn soleus, but a 12% reduction in force was observed in Ts65Dn muscle during recovery following fatiguing contractions compared to WT muscle (p<0.05). Oxidative stress may contribute to DS-related pathologies, including muscle weakness, which may be the result of overexpression of chromosome 21 genes (e.g., copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1)). SOD1 expression was 25% higher (p<0.05) in Ts65Dn soleus compared to WT muscle but levels of other antioxidant proteins were unchanged. Lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynoneal) was unaltered in Ts65Dn muscle although protein carbonyls were 20% greater compared to muscle of WT animals (p<0.05). Cytochrome c oxidase expression was reduced 22% in Ts65Dn muscle, suggesting a limitation in mitochondrial function may contribute to post-fatigue muscle weakness. Microarray analysis of Ts65Dn soleus revealed alteration of numerous cellular pathways including: proteolysis, glucose and fat metabolism, neuromuscular transmission, and ATP biosynthesis. In summary, the Ts65Dn mouse displays evidence of muscle dysfunction, and the potential role of mitochondria and oxidative stress warrants further investigation.
Functional and biochemical characterization of soleus muscle in Down syndrome mice: insight into the muscle dysfunction seen in the human condition.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesWe report the changes in left ventricle mRNA abundance in response to 5/6 nephrectomy surgery Overall design: Ten week old male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to the excision model of 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) or sham surgery. Left ventricle tissue was collected 2, 4, 5 or 7 weeks later for mRNAsequencing.
MicroRNA-21 regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, a molecular mechanism of cardiac pathology in Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe report the changes in left ventricle mRNA abundance in response to miR-21-5p suppression in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Overall design: Ten week old male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to the excision model of 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) surgery. LNA-anti-scrambled or LNA-anti-miR-21-5p was delivered intravenously in 3 daily doses of 1 mg/kg at 1 and 4 weels post-surgery. Left ventricle tissue was collected for mRNA sequencing 7 weeks after surgery.
MicroRNA-21 regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, a molecular mechanism of cardiac pathology in Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesU1 small nuclear (sn)RNA, required for splicing of pre-mRNA, is encoded by genes on chromosome 1p36. Imperfect copies of these true (t)U1 snRNA genes, located on chromosome 1q12-21, were thought to be pseudogenes. However, many of these variant (v)U1 snRNA genes produce fully-processed transcripts that are packaged into potentially functional particles. Using antisense oligonucleotides, we have achieved functional knockdown of a specific vU1 snRNA in HeLa cells and identified over 400 transcriptome changes following interrogation of the Affymetrix Human Exon ST 1.0 array.
Differentially expressed, variant U1 snRNAs regulate gene expression in human cells.
Cell line
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Physiological characterisation of human iPS-derived dopaminergic neurons.
No sample metadata fields
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