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GSE24810
Homo sapiens
47 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Cellular senescence is a program of irreversible cell cycle arrest that normal cells undergo in response to progressive shortening of telomeres, changes in telomeric structure, oncogene activation or oxidative stress. The underlying signalling pathways, potentially of major clinicopathological relevance, are unknown. A major stumbling block to studying senescence has been the absence of suitable model systems because of the asynchrony of this process in heterogeneous cell populations. To simplify this process many investigators study oncogene-induced senescence due to expression of activated oncogenes where senescence occurs prematurely without telomere attrition and can be induced acutely in a variety of cell types. We have taken a different approach by making use of the finding that reconstitution of telomerase activity by introduction of the catalytic subunit of human telomerase alone is incapable of immortalising all human somatic cells, but inactivation of the p16-pRB and p53-p21 pathways are required in addition. The ability of SV40 large T antigen to inactivate the p16-pRB and p53-p21 pathways has enabled us to use a thermolabile mutant of LT antigen, in conjunction with hTERT, to develop conditionally immortalised human (HMF3A) fibroblasts that are immortal but undergo an irreversible growth arrest when the thermolabile LT antigen is inactivated leading to activation of pRB and p53. When these cells cease dividing, senescence-associated- b-galactosidase activity is induced and the growth-arrested cells have morphological features and express genes in common with senescent cells. Since these cells growth arrest in a synchronous manner they are an excellent starting point for dissecting the pathways that underlie cellular senescence and act downstream of p16-pRB and p53-p21 pathways. We have combined genome-wide expression profiling with genetic complementation to undertake identification of genes that are differentially expressed when these conditionally immortalised human fibroblasts undergo senescence upon activation of the p16-pRB and p53-p21 tumour suppressor pathways.
Publication Title
Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B signalling promotes cellular senescence.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Array (mogene20st)
Description
The in vitro directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) through stimulation of developmental signaling pathways can generate mature somatic cell types for basic laboratory studies or regenerative therapies.
Publication Title
Pluripotent stem cell differentiation reveals distinct developmental pathways regulating lung- versus thyroid-lineage specification.
Sample Metadata Fields
Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 9 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Array (hgu133a)
Description
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has striking clinical and molecular variability. Although a more precise identification of the multiple determinants of this variability is still under investigation, there is a consensus that high-clinical-risk DLBCL cases require a risk-adapted therapy, since intensification of chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) has been shown to improve the prognosis for high-risk patients in randomised clinical trials.
Publication Title
Identification of biological markers of sensitivity to high-clinical-risk-adapted therapy for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Sus scrofa
- 8 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Porcine Genome Array (porcine)
Description
The objective of the present study is to investigate if females have the ability to recognise X or Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa and present a different response to different spermatozoa.
Publication Title
The battle of the sexes starts in the oviduct: modulation of oviductal transcriptome by X and Y-bearing spermatozoa.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 4 Downloadable Samples
IlluminaGenomeAnalyzerIIx
Description
While genetic mutation is a hallmark of cancer, many cancers also acquire epigenetic alterations during tumorigenesis including aberrant DNA hypermethylation of tumor suppressors as well as changes in chromatin modifications as caused by genetic mutations of the chromatin-modifying machinery. However, the extent of epigenetic alterations in cancer cells has not been fully characterized. Here, we describe the first complete methylome maps at single nucleotide resolution of a low-passage breast cancer cell line and primary human mammary epithelial cells. We find widespread DNA hypomethylation in the cancer cell, primarily at partially methylated domains (PMDs) in normal breast cells. Unexpectedly, genes within these regions are largely silenced in cancer cells. The loss of DNA methylation in these regions is accompanied by formation of repressive chromatin, with a significant fraction displaying allelic DNA methylation where one allele is DNA methylated while the other allele is occupied by histone modifications H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. Our results show a mutually exclusive and complementary relationship between DNA methylation and H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. These results suggest that global DNA hypomethylation in breast cancer is tightly linked to the formation of repressive chromatin domains and gene silencing, thus identifying a potential epigenetic pathway for gene regulation in cancer cells and suggesting a possible new approach toward the development of cancer therapeutics. Overall design: mRNA-Seq of polyA-selected RNA from breast cancer HCC1954 and normal breast HMEC. 36 cycles of sequencing on Illumina platform.
Publication Title
Global DNA hypomethylation coupled to repressive chromatin domain formation and gene silencing in breast cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 4 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina Genome Analyzer II
Description
An autochthonous model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) permitted the analysis of why immunotherapy is ineffective in this human disease. Despite finding that PDA-bearing mice had cancer cell-specific CD8+ T cells, the mice, like human PDA patients, did not respond to two immunological checkpoint antagonists that promote the function of T cells, a-CTLA-4 and a-PD-L1. Immune control of PDA growth was achieved, however, by depleting carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that express Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP). The depletion of the FAP+ stromal cell also uncovered the anti-tumor effects of a-CTLA-4 and a-PD-L1, indicating that its immune suppressive activity accounts for the failure of these T cell checkpoint antagonists. Three findings suggested that CXCL12 explained the overriding immunosuppression by the FAP+ cell: T cells were absent from regions of the tumor containing cancer cells; cancer cells were coated with the chemokine, CXCL12; and the FAP+ CAF was the principle source of CXCL12 in the tumor. Administering AMD3100, a CXCL12 receptor (CXCR4) inhibitor, induced rapid T cell accumulation among cancer cells, and acted synergistically with a-PD-L1 to selectively and greatly diminish cancer cells, identified by their loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) of Trp53. The residual tumor was comprised only of pre-malignant epithelial cells and inflammatory cells. Thus, a single protein, CXCL12, from a single stromal cell type, the FAP+ CAF, may direct tumor immune evasion in a model of human PDA. Overall design: FAP+ cells were sorted from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cells were isolated in duplicate experiments and these were analysed separately. These were compared separately to previously published publicly available CD4+ T-cell subset data (C57BL/6 mice and Foxp3-RFP mice (Line 8374) GEO accession GSE20898), and previously published FAP+ cell datasets (transgenic albino (Tyr-/-) C57BL/6 mouse, GEO accession GSE39438).
Publication Title
Targeting CXCL12 from FAP-expressing carcinoma-associated fibroblasts synergizes with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 70 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Organisms have adapted to the changing environmental conditions within the 24h cycle of the day by temporally segregating tissue physiology to the optimal time of the day. On the cellular level temporal segregation of physiological processes is established by the circadian clock, a Bmal1 dependent transcriptional oscillator network. The circadian clocks within individual cells of a tissue are synchronised by environmental signals, mainly light, in order to reach temporally segregated physiology on the tissue level. However, how light mediated synchronisation of peripheral tissue clocks is achieved mechanistically and whether circadian clocks in different organs are autonomous or interact with each other to achieve rhythmicity is unknown. Here we report that light can synchronise core circadian clocks in two peripheral tissues, the epidermis and liver hepatocytes, even in the complete absence of functional clocks in any other tissue within the whole organism. On the other hand, tissue extrinsic circadian clock rhythmicity is necessary to retain rhythmicity of the epidermal clock in the absence of light, proving for the first time that the circadian clockwork acts as a memory of time for the synchronisation of peripheral clocks in the absence of external entrainment signals. Furthermore, we find that tissue intrinsic Bmal1 is an important regulator of the epidermal differentiation process whose deregulation leads to a premature aging like phenotype of the epidermis. Thus, our results establish a new model for the segregation of peripheral tissue physiology whereby the synchronisation of peripheral clocks is acquired by the interaction of a light dependent but circadian clock independent pathway with circadian clockwork dependent cues. Overall design: Determining the epidermal circadian transcriptome in the presence or absence of non-epidermal clocks after 6-7 days in complete darkness (DD).
Publication Title
BMAL1-Driven Tissue Clocks Respond Independently to Light to Maintain Homeostasis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 72 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Organisms have adapted to the changing environmental conditions within the 24h cycle of the day by temporally segregating tissue physiology to the optimal time of the day. On the cellular level temporal segregation of physiological processes is established by the circadian clock, a Bmal1 dependent transcriptional oscillator network. The circadian clocks within individual cells of a tissue are synchronised by environmental signals, mainly light, in order to reach temporally segregated physiology on the tissue level. However, how light mediated synchronisation of peripheral tissue clocks is achieved mechanistically and whether circadian clocks in different organs are autonomous or interact with each other to achieve rhythmicity is unknown. Here we report that light can synchronise core circadian clocks in two peripheral tissues, the epidermis and liver hepatocytes, even in the complete absence of functional clocks in any other tissue within the whole organism. On the other hand, tissue extrinsic circadian clock rhythmicity is necessary to retain rhythmicity of the epidermal clock in the absence of light, proving for the first time that the circadian clockwork acts as a memory of time for the synchronisation of peripheral clocks in the absence of external entrainment signals. Furthermore, we find that tissue intrinsic Bmal1 is an important regulator of the epidermal differentiation process whose deregulation leads to a premature aging like phenotype of the epidermis. Thus, our results establish a new model for the segregation of peripheral tissue physiology whereby the synchronisation of peripheral clocks is acquired by the interaction of a light dependent but circadian clock independent pathway with circadian clockwork dependent cues. Overall design: Determining the epidermal circadian transcriptome in the presence or absence of non-epidermal clocks under light entrainment (LD).
Publication Title
BMAL1-Driven Tissue Clocks Respond Independently to Light to Maintain Homeostasis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Age, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 21 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most severe form of alcoholic liver disease and occurs in patients with excessive alcohol intake It is characterized by marked hepatocellular damage, steatosis and pericellular fibrosis. Patients with severe AH have a poor short-term prognosis. Unfortunately, current therapies (i.e. corticosteroids and pentoxyphylline) are not effective in many patients and novel targeted therapies are urgently needed. The development of such therapies is hampered by a poor knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Based on studies from animal models, TNF alfa was proposed to play a pivotal role in the mechanisms of AH. Consequently, drugs interfering TNF alfa were tested in these patients. The results were disappointing due to an increased incidence of severe infections. Unluckily, there are not experimental models that mimic the main findings of AH in humans. To overcome this limitation, translational studies with human samples are required. We previously analyzed samples from patients with biopsy-proven AH. In these previous studies, we identified CXC chemokines as a potential therapeutic target for these patients. We expanded these previous observations by performing a high-throughout transcriptome analysis.
Publication Title
Transcriptome analysis identifies TNF superfamily receptors as potential therapeutic targets in alcoholic hepatitis.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
Cytokine genes are targets of multiple epigenetic mechanisms in T lymphocytes. 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) is a nucleoside-based DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) inhibitor which induces demethylation and gene reactivation. In the current study, we analyzed the effect of 5-azaC in T-cell function and observed that 5-azaC inhibits T-cell proliferation and activation, blocking cell cycle in G0-G1 phase and decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IFN. This effect was not due to a pro-apoptotic effect of the drug but to the down-regulation of genes involved in T-cell cycle progression and activation such as CCNG2, MTCP1, CD58, and ADK and up-regulation of genes which induce cell growth arrest, such as DCUN1D2, U2AF2, GADD45B or p53. In spite of being also up-regulated, we did not find any effect of 5-azaC on the methylation pattern of FOXP3. Finally, the administration of 5-azaC at 60 and 84 hours post-transplant prevented the development of GVHD leading to a significant increase in survival in a fully mismatched BMT mouse model. In conclusion, the current study shows the effect of 5-azaC in T-lymphocytes and illustrates its role in the allogeneic transplantation setting as an immunomodulatory drug, describing new pathways which must be explored in order to prevent graft-versus-host disease.
Publication Title
Immunomodulatory effect of 5-azacytidine (5-azaC): potential role in the transplantation setting.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment, Time
View Samples