We constructed a polycistronic lentiviral vector to overexpress 3 germ cell specific genes (Stella, Oct4 and Nanos2) in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEFs) and evaluated the transcriptome portrait in partially reprogrammed cells.We sequenced RNA samples from bulk cell population of two biological duplicates of MEF-GFP (control) and MEF-SON (overexpressed) 21 days post infection. Differential expression analysis of 50 M pair-end read per samples showed overexpression of neurogenesis, blood vessel and proliferation related genes and downregulation of chondroitin sulphate metabolic process, nitric oxide production and innate immune response genes. Overall design: Examination of whole transcriptome following concurrent overexpression of Stella, Oct4 and Nanos2 in MEFs.
Suppression of dsRNA response genes and innate immunity following Oct4, Stella, and Nanos2 overexpression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesAlternative splicing comprises a robust generator of mammalian transcriptome complexity. Splice site specification and activity are controlled by interactions of cis-acting determinants on a transcript with specific RNA binding proteins. A major subset of these interactions comprises interactions localized to the intronic U-rich polypyrimidine tract located immediately 5’ to the majority of splice acceptors. alphaCPs (also referred to as polyC-binding proteins (PCBPs) and hnRNP Es) comprise a subset of KH-domain proteins with high specificity and affinity for C-rich polypyrimidine motifs. Prior studies have revealed that binding of alphaCPs to C-rich motifs can modulate splicing and 3’ processing of the human alpha-globin mRNA transcript in the nucleus as well as stabilization of the halpha-globin mRNA in the cytoplasm. In the current report, we demonstrate that alphaCPs have a positive impact on the activity of splice acceptor sites in a defined subset of mammalian transcripts via binding to polypyrimidine tracts that are predominantly C-rich. These findings lead us to conclude that the alphaCPs play a global role in determining the splicing activity and levels of cassette exon inclusion within the mammalian transcriptome. Overall design: To test the impact of aCP proteins on alternative splicing, aCP proteins were knockdown from K562 cells by siRNA. Since aCP1 and aCP2 have redundent function, we therefore designed siRNAs capable of knockdown both isoform at the same time. 3 aCP1/2 combined knockdown and 3 control siRNA knockdown were performed in K562 cells. RNA-seq were then performed to identify alternative splicing pattern mediated by aCP proteins.
αCP binding to a cytosine-rich subset of polypyrimidine tracts drives a novel pathway of cassette exon splicing in the mammalian transcriptome.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe molecular chaperone HSP90 aids the maturation of a diverse but select set of metastable protein clients, many of which are key to a variety of signal transduction pathways. HSP90 function has been best investigated in animal and fungal systems, where inhibition of the chaperone has exceptionally diverse effects, ranging from reversing oncogenic transformation to facilitating the acquisition of drug resistance. Inhibition of HSP90 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana uncovers novel morphologies dependent on normally cryptic genetic variation and increases stochastic variation inherent to developmental processes. The biochemical activity of HSP90 is strictly conserved between animals and plants. However, the substrates and pathways dependent on HSP90 in plants are poorly understood. Progress has been impeded by reliance on light-sensitive HSP90 inhibitors due to redundancy in the A. thaliana HSP90 gene family. Here we present phenotypic and genome-wide expression analyses of A. thaliana with constitutively reduced HSP90 levels achieved by RNAi targeting. HSP90 reduction affects a variety of quantitative life-history traits, including flowering time and total seed set, and decreases developmental stability. Further, by quantitative analysis of morphological phenotypes, we demonstrate that HSP90-reduction increases phenotypic diversity in both seedlings and adult plants. Several morphologies are synergistically affected by HSP90 and growth temperature. Genome-wide expression analyses also suggest a central role for HSP90 in the genesis and maintenance of plastic responses. The expression results are substantiated by examination of the response of HSP90-reduced plants to attack by caterpillars of the generalist herbivore Trichoplusia ni. HSP90 reduction potentiates a more robust herbivore defense response. In sum, we propose that HSP90 exerts global effects on the environmental responsiveness of plants to many different stimuli. The comprehensive set of HSP90-reduced lines described here is a vital instrument to further examine the role of HSP90 as a central interface between organism, development, and environment.
Phenotypic diversity and altered environmental plasticity in Arabidopsis thaliana with reduced Hsp90 levels.
Age, Specimen part
View SampleshnRNP M and Rbfox proteins are subunits of the Large Assembly of Splicing Regulators (LASR). The purpose of this study is to investigate how these two splicing factors affect each others'' role in regulating splice site choices in pre-mRNA. hnRNP M is knocked down by RNAi in Flp-In T-REx 293 cells (Invitrogen), whereas Rbfox1 is expressed inducibly under tetracycline control from construct integrated into the genome at the FRT site. Using this system, splicing and expression profiles of cells expressing and/or lacking these proteins are compared on a whole genome level by RNA-seq technology. Overall design: The experiment was performed in Flp-In T-REx 293, Rbfox2 knockout cells (clone 7), in which the Rbfox2 ORF was disrupted in the first constitutive exon (exon 3), thus these cells do not produce endogenous Rbfox protein. In addition to this, cells expressing Flag-tagged Rbfox1 under tetracycline control from a pcDNA5/FRT/TO construct inserted into the FRT site were generated. hnRNP M was knocked down to 10% of the normal levels by transient expression of two RNA hairpins targeting separate 3'' UTR regions. A non-targeting hairpin served as control. Four separate cell populations: not expressing Rbfox with normal levels fo hnRNP M; expressing Rbfox1 with normal hnRNP M levels; not expressing Rbfox, hnRNP M expression reduced by 90%; expressing Rbfox1, hnRNP M reduced by 90% were each grown independently in triplicates. Total RNA was collected from these cells and further treated with DNase I to avoid DNA contamination. Illumina TruSeq stranded mRNA kit was used to generate strand-specific libraries. These libraries were subjected to 50bp paired-end sequencing (Illumina HiSeq2000 platform). In parallel, a fraction of each cell population was lysed in RIPA buffer for protein analysis.
Rbfox Proteins Regulate Splicing as Part of a Large Multiprotein Complex LASR.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesChemotherapy may cause DNA damage within the oral mucosa of cancer patients leading to mucositis, a dose-limiting side effect for effective cancer treatment.
Microarray analyses of oral punch biopsies from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with chemotherapy.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe conserved RNA-binding protein Musashi1 (MSI1) has emerged as a key oncogenic factor in numerous solid tumors, including glioblastoma. However, its mechanism of action has not yet been established comprehensively. We set out to map its impact on the transcriptome in U251 cells using RNA-seq and iCLIP. Overall design: Examination of gene expression and splicing changes upon KD of Musashi1 in U251 cells and link to iCLIP-identified Musashi1 RNA binding sites
RNA-Binding Protein Musashi1 Is a Central Regulator of Adhesion Pathways in Glioblastoma.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThree different cell populations (6 healthy B-lymphocytes, 6 leukemic CLL B-lymphocyte of indolent form and 5 leukemic CLL B-lymphocyte of aggressive form) were stimulated in vitro with an anti-IgM antibody, activating the B-cell receptor (BCR). We analyzed the gene expression at 4 time points (60, 90, 210 and 390 minutes). Each gene expression measurement is performed both in stimulated cells and in control unstimulated cells.
Reverse-engineering the genetic circuitry of a cancer cell with predicted intervention in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Specimen part
View SamplesA data set of normal epithelium, serous ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumors (benign and type II malignancies), stroma distal to tumor, and stroma adjacent to tumor (50 samples total). Additional cel files are included which represent replicate sampling from patients, and cel files that failed quality control but may be bioinformatically interesting. Additional replicate or failed cel files were not included in the final analysis (and so these samples were not included in the matrix).
Dysregulation of AKT3 along with a small panel of mRNAs stratifies high-grade serous ovarian cancer from both normal epithelia and benign tumor tissues.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesDifferentiation of haematopoietic stem cells followsa hierarchical program of transcription-factor regulated events. Early myeloid cell differentiation is dependent on PU.1 and CEBPA (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha), late myeloid differentiation is orchestrated by CEBPE (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein epsilon). The influence of SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) chromatin remodelling factors as novel master regulators of haematopoietic differentiation is only beginning to be explored. Here, we identified three homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SMARCD2 (SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 2), a member of the SWI/SNF complex, in three unrelated pedigrees. We find that SMARCD2-deficient hematopoiesis results in dysfunctional neutrophil granulocytes, characterized by specific granule deficiency, myelodysplasia, and an excess of blast cells. We can show that SMARCD2 controls early steps in the differentiation of myeloid-erythroid progenitor cells in mice and zebra fish. In vitro SMARCD2 interacts with the transcription factor CEBPE. Furthermore, we find that SMARCD2 controls expression of neutrophil proteins stored in specific granules and leads to transcriptional and chromatin changes in AML cells. Hence, we identify SMARCD2 as a key factor controlling myelopoiesis and as a potential tumour suppressor in leukemia. Overall design: We analyzed CD45.2+ Lin- Mac+/low Sca1+ cKit+ (LSK) cells from Smarcd2 wild-type, heterozygous and mutant foetal livers in at least 5 replicates Additionally, we analysed three different progenitor populations from Smarcd2 wild-type and homozygous knock-out foetal livers: CD45+Lin-Sca-1-CD177+CD34lowCD16/32 (FCGR)low(MEP) CD45+Lin-Sca-1-CD177+CD34+CD16/32(FCGR)int (CMP) CD45+Lin-Sca-1-CD177+CD34+CD16/32(FCGR)high (GMP)
Chromatin-remodeling factor SMARCD2 regulates transcriptional networks controlling differentiation of neutrophil granulocytes.
Sex, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Invasive lobular carcinoma cell lines are characterized by unique estrogen-mediated gene expression patterns and altered tamoxifen response.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Time
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