Aging at the cellular level is driven by changes in gene activity and epigenetic state that are only partially understood. We performed a comprehensive epigenomic analysis of the pancreatic ß cell, key player in glucose homeostasis and diabetes, in adolescent and very old mice. Globally, we observe a general methylation drift resulting in an overall more leveled methylome, suggesting that the maintenance of highly differential methylation patterns becomes compromised with advanced age. Importantly, we discover targeted changes in the methylation status of ß cell proliferation and function genes that go against the global methylation drift, are specific to ß cells, and correlate with repression of the proliferation program and activation of metabolic regulators. These targeted alterations frequently occur at distal cis-regulator elements, and are associated with specific chromatin marks and transcription factor occupancy in young ß cells. Strikingly, we find the insulin secretory response to glucose much improved in mature ß cells in mice, as predicted by the changes in methylome and transcriptome and in contrast to the decline in function observed in aged human ß cells. Thus, aging of terminally differentiated cells in mammals is not always coupled to functional decline. Overall design: RNA-seq was done on 3 biological replicas from old and three from young beta cells. each sample originated from a pool of 5-10 mic.e H3K27me3 ChIP-seq was done with two replicas for old mice (pool of 4-7 mice) and the rest of the ChIPseq (H3K4me1, H3K27ac and young H3K27me3) was sone with one sample (pool of few mice). BIS-seq was done on one sample from a pool of 10 young mice and one sample of a pool of old mice (18-22 months old)
Aging-Dependent Demethylation of Regulatory Elements Correlates with Chromatin State and Improved β Cell Function.
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View SamplesThe sensory epithelium of cochleas and vestibules of mice were compared. The two tissues are quite similar in structure, but have distinct roles in hearing and balance. By comparing their gene expression, we hoped to identify key regulators of differentiation. Overall design: Cochlear and vestibular sensory epithelium was dissected from 20 inner ears of 10 P0 C57Bl/6J mice, generating 2.4 and 1.5 µg of total RNA, respectively. 450 ng RNA from each sample was used to create libraries with the TruSeq Stranded mRNA Sample Prep Kit (Illumina), followed by high-throughput sequencing at 100 bp paired end (PE) at the Technion Genome Center, Haifa, Israel. Six samples were generated, 3 cochlear and 3 vestibular, for sequencing in triplicate.
Computational analysis of mRNA expression profiling in the inner ear reveals candidate transcription factors associated with proliferation, differentiation, and deafness.
Sex, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesThe interaction between a pathogen and a host is a highly dynamic process in which both agents activate complex programs. Here, we introduce a single-cell RNA-Seq method (scDual-Seq) that simultaneously captures both host and pathogen transcriptomes and use it to study the process of infection of individual mouse macrophages with the intracellular pathogen Salmonella typhimurium. Among the infected macrophages, we found three subpopulations and we show evidence for a linear progression through these subpopulations, supporting a model in which these three states correspond to consecutive stages of infection. Overall design: 96 single cells in 4 time point of infection (0,2.5,4,8 hours after infection)
scDual-Seq: mapping the gene regulatory program of Salmonella infection by host and pathogen single-cell RNA-sequencing.
Cell line, Subject, Time
View SamplesThe interaction between a pathogen and a host is a highly dynamic process in which both agents activate complex programs. Here, we introduce a single-cell RNA-Seq method (scDual-Seq) that simultaneously captures both host and pathogen transcriptomes and use it to study the process of infection of individual mouse macrophages with the intracellular pathogen Salmonella typhimurium. Among the infected macrophages, we found three subpopulations and we show evidence for a linear progression through these subpopulations, supporting a model in which these three states correspond to consecutive stages of infection. Overall design: 40 single cells, 6 ten cells bulk, 2 hundred cells bulk, in two time point of infection (0,4 hours after infection)
scDual-Seq: mapping the gene regulatory program of Salmonella infection by host and pathogen single-cell RNA-sequencing.
Cell line, Subject, Time
View SamplesThe interaction between a pathogen and a host is a highly dynamic process in which both agents activate complex programs. Here, we introduce a single-cell RNA-Seq method (scDual-Seq) that simultaneously captures both host and pathogen transcriptomes and use it to study the process of infection of individual mouse macrophages with the intracellular pathogen Salmonella typhimurium. Among the infected macrophages, we found three subpopulations and we show evidence for a linear progression through these subpopulations, supporting a model in which these three states correspond to consecutive stages of infection. Overall design: a dilution series of mouse and salmonella RNA Please note that the samples are identical to GSM2729237-GSM2729241 and the RNA was extracted simultaneously. The only difference between them is the different protocol by which the libraries were made for sequencing (i.e. CEL-Seq2 or scDual-Seq).
scDual-Seq: mapping the gene regulatory program of Salmonella infection by host and pathogen single-cell RNA-sequencing.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesWe report a transcriptome comparison of HEK293 cells modified at the DPYSL2 gene promoter dinucleotide repeat (chr8:26,435,510-26,435,534) by CRISPR/Cas9 to change from the common 11 repeats to the more rare 13 repeats Overall design: 11/11 repeat HEK 293 cells were modified by CRISPR/Cas 9. Cell were flow sorted by the co-transfected GFP and single cells were expanded. From those we selected 4 modified and 8 unmodified clones for RNA seq. RNA was extracted at 80% confluency
The DPYSL2 gene connects mTOR and schizophrenia.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesType-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) promote anti-helminth responses and contribute to allergies. Though Bcl11b has been previously considered a T-lineage identity transcription factor (TF) that restrains the innate-cell genetic programs, we report here that Bcl11b is highly expressed in mature ILC2s and acts upstream of the key ILC2 TFs Gfi1, Gata-3, and of IL-33 receptor IL1rl1 (T1ST2). Additionally, Bcl11b-/- ILC2s de-repressed Ror?t, Ahr and IL-23 receptor, normally expressed in type-3 ILCs (ILC3s). Consequently, Bcl11b-/- ILC2s lost ILC2 functions and gained ILC3 functions, expanding in response to the protease allergen papain, however producing IL-17 and IL-22, and not IL-5 and IL-13, causing lung neutrophilia rather than eosinophilia, and diminished mucus production. Our results broaden Bcl11b's role from a T-cell only TF, and establishes that Bcl11b sustains mature ILC2 genetic and functional programs and lineage fidelity through positive regulation of essential ILC2 TFs and negative regulation of pivotal ILC3 TFs. Overall design: RNA-seq analysis on sorted ILC2s from the mLNs of Bcl11bF/F Cre-ERT2 and wildtype mice at steady state following tamoxifen mediated deletion of Bcl11b
Transcription Factor Bcl11b Controls Identity and Function of Mature Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe successfully sequenced and annotated more than 400 cells from child, adult control, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes donors. We detect donor-type specific transcript variation. We also report that cells from child donors have less defined gene signature. Cells from type 2 diabetes donors resemble juvenile cells in gene expression. Overall design: Cells from three adult controls (56, 74, 92), one donor with type 1 diabetes (91), two donors with type 2 diabetes (75, 143), and two child donors (40, 72) were sequenced. Numbers in parathesis indicates number of cells sequenced.
Single-Cell Transcriptomics of the Human Endocrine Pancreas.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesWe report RNA-seq of single nuclei isolated from the adult C57BL/6 male mouse Hippocampus region. Majority of the nuclei were isolated from 12 weeks old mice (4 different animal), with an additional set of nuclei from 3 months and 2 years old animals. In addition a set of GFP labeled nuclei driven by a VGAT promoter . Overall design: Microdissections of dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA2/3 regions of the Hippocampus were placed into ice-cold RNA-later for fixation and stored at 4°c overnight, then stored in -80°c. Nuclei were isolated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and kept on ice until sorting using Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) into 96 well plates containing RNA lysis buffer. Single nucleus RNA was first purified then derived cDNA libraries were generated following a modified Smart-seq2 protocol. For VGAT nuclei: high titer AAV1/2 of pAAV-EF1a-DIO-EYFP-KASH-WPRE-hGH-polyA was injected into dorsal and/or ventral Hippocampus, animals were sacrificed two weeks after injections, and GFP labeled nuclei were sorted into plates and processed as described above.
Div-Seq: Single-nucleus RNA-Seq reveals dynamics of rare adult newborn neurons.
Age, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesNeuropathic pain is a complex chronic condition, characterized by a wide range of sensory, cognitive, and affective symptoms. Indeed, a large percentage of neuropathic pain patients are also afflicted with depression and anxiety disorders -- a pattern that is reliably replicated in animal models. Mounting evidence from clinical and preclinical studies indicates that chronic pain corresponds with adaptations in several brain networks involved in mood, motivation, and reward. Chronic stress is also a major determinant for depression. However, whether chronic pain and chronic stress affect similar mechanisms, and whether chronic pain can affect gene expression patterns known to be involved in depression, remains poorly understood. We employed the spared nerve injury model (SNI) of neuropathic pain in adult C57BL\6 mice and performed next-generation RNA-sequencing in order to monitor changes in gene expression in three brain regions known to be implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and in the modulation of pain: the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the periaqueductal grey (PAG). We observed mostly unique transcriptome profiles across the three brain regions but found common intracellular signal transduction pathways and biological functions were affected. A large amount of genes showing SNI-induced altered expression have been implicated in depression, anxiety, or chronic pain. In addition, we identified genes that are similarly regulated in a murine model of depression: chronic unpredictable stress. Our study provides the first unbiased characterization of neuropathic pain-induced long-term gene expression changes in three distinct brain regions, and presents evidence that neuropathic pain affects the expression of several genes that are also regulated by chronic stress. Overall design: RNA-seq samples were generated from 3 brain regions (nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex, and periaqueductal grey) of adult male mice, 2.5 months after sham or spared nerve injury to the sciatic nerve.
Neuropathic pain promotes adaptive changes in gene expression in brain networks involved in stress and depression.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
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