Toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor classs may evoke or instruct a distinct type of response that is more reflective of the pathogen encountered. Although this issue may be critical to a better understanding of the regulation of immune responses to microbial infections, it has not been addressed through a direct, side-by-side comparison of the two receptor classes.
Cross-interference of RLR and TLR signaling pathways modulates antibacterial T cell responses.
Treatment
View SamplesIRF3 is one of the most critical transcription factor in down stream of pattern recognition receptors (such as toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor) signalling pathway. IRF3 is known to induce the expression of type I IFN gene upon virus infection.
Cross-interference of RLR and TLR signaling pathways modulates antibacterial T cell responses.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesThe gastrointestinal tract of mammals is inhabited by hundreds of distinct species of commensal microorganisms that exist in a mutualistic relationship with the host. The process by which the commensal microbiota influence the host immune system is poorly understood. We show here that colonization of the small intestine of mice with a single commensal microbe, segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB), is sufficient to induce the appearance of CD4+ T helper cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22 (Th17 cells) in the lamina propria. SFB adhere tightly to the surface of epithelial cells in the terminal ileum of mice with Th17 cells but are absent from mice that have few Th17 cells. Colonization with SFB was correlated with increased expression of genes associated with inflammation, anti-microbial defenses, and tissue repair, and resulted in enhanced resistance to the intestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Control of Th17 cell differentiation by SFB may thus establish a balance between optimal host defense preparedness and potentially damaging T cell responses. Manipulation of this commensal-regulated pathway may provide new opportunities for enhancing mucosal immunity and treating autoimmune disease.
Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
The epigenetic regulator Uhrf1 facilitates the proliferation and maturation of colonic regulatory T cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesCommensal bacteria shapes gut immune system. Colonization bacteria increase the frequency of regulatory T cells, however, the molecular mechanisms has not yet been unknown. To reveal the mechanism, we isolated Treg cells and Non-Treg cells and performed the global expression analysis.
The epigenetic regulator Uhrf1 facilitates the proliferation and maturation of colonic regulatory T cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe report that Klebsiella pneumoniae promote Th1 cell induction in colon. To examine the influence of Klebsiella on colonic epithelial cells (ECs) and lamina propria CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs), we performed RNA seq on them. Germ free mice were orally inoculated with Kp-2H7 or BAA-2552 and total RNA was isolated from colonic ECs and DCs 1 week after inoculation. Furthermore, we examined the involvement of TLRs in induction of Th1 cells using Myd88 KO, Trif KO, Myd88/Trif DKO mice. These deficient germ free mice were orally inoculated with Kp-2H7 and total RNA was isolated from colonic ECs 3 weeks after inoculation. Overall design: The gene expression of colonic ECs and DCs isolated from germ free mice, and GF mice inoculated with Kp-2H7 or BAA-2552, and colonic ECs isolated from GF Myd88 KO, Trif KO or Myd88/Trif DKO mice inoculated with Kp-2H7.
Ectopic colonization of oral bacteria in the intestine drives T<sub>H</sub>1 cell induction and inflammation.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesWe investigated transcriptional changes in CD4CD8aa and CD4 intraepthelial lymphocytes.
Transcriptional reprogramming of mature CD4⁺ helper T cells generates distinct MHC class II-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesTo elucidate the mechamisms of colonic Treg cell induction by microbial metabolite(s), chroloform-resistant bacteria (CRB)-associated mice was developed and given low-fiber diet (LFD) and high-fiber diet (HFD). The colonic epithelial cells were isolated and gene expression profiles were analyzed by GeneChip.
Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesCommensal bacteria shapes gut immune system. Colonization bacteria increase the frequency of regulatory T cells, however, the molecular mechanisms has not yet been unknown.
Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells.
Specimen part
View Samples