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Accession IconGSE94161

Shoot-to-root mobile polypeptides involved in systemic regulation of nitrogen acquisition

Organism Icon Arabidopsis thaliana
Sample Icon 3 Downloadable Samples
Technology Badge Icon Arabidopsis Gene 1.0 ST Array (aragene10st)

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Plants uptake nitrogen (N) from the soil mainly in the form of nitrate. However, nitrate is often distributed heterogeneously in natural soil. Plants, therefore, have a systemic long-distance signaling mechanism by which N-starvation on one side of the root leads to a compensatory N uptake on the other N-rich side. This systemic N acquisition response is triggered by a root-to-shoot mobile peptide hormone, C-terminally Encoded Peptide (CEP), originating from the N-starved roots, but the molecular nature of the descending shoot-to-root signal remains elusive. Here, we show that phloem-specific polypeptides that are induced in leaves upon perception of root-derived CEP act as descending long-distance mobile signals translocated to each root. These shoot-derived polypeptides, which we named CEP Downstream 1 (CEPD1) and CEPD2, upregulate the expression of the nitrate transporter gene NRT2.1 in roots specifically when nitrate is present in the rhizosphere. Arabidopsis plants deficient in this pathway show impaired systemic N-acquisition response accompanied with N-deficiency symptoms. These fundamental mechanistic insights should provide a conceptual framework for understanding systemic nutrient acquisition responses in plants.
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